Alp Önder Yildiz

Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during experimental aflatoxicosis.

Clinoptilolite (CLI, a natural zeolite), incorporated into the diet at 50 g/kg, was evaluated for its ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.0 mg total aflatoxin (AF;83.06% AFB1, 12.98% AFB2, 2.84% AFG1 and 1.12% AFG2)/kg diet on growing Japanese quail chicks from 10 to 45 d of age. A total of 40 Japanese quail chicks were divided into 4 treatment groups (control, AF, CLI, AF plus CLI) each consisting of 10 chicks. The performance of the birds was evaluated. The AF treatment significantly decreased food consumption and body weight gain from the 3rd week onwards. The adverse effect of AF on food conversion ratio was also significant from week 4 of the experiment. The addition of CLI to an AF-containing diet significantly reduced the deleterious effects of AF on food consumption, body weight gain and food conversion ratio. Food consumption was reduced by 14% in quail chicks consuming the AF diet without CLI, but by only 6% for quail chicks consuming the AF plus CLI diet. Similarly, overall body weight gain was reduced by 27% in birds consuming the AF diet without CLI, but by only 8% for birds consuming the AF plus CLI diet. The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet significantly decreased food consumption and body weight gain during week 4, but these parameters were similar to the controls in week 5. No mortality was observed in any of the groups. These results suggest that CLI effectively diminished the detrimental effects of AF on the variables investigated in this study.

The effect of dietary calcium concentration and particle size on performance, eggshell quality, bone mechanical properties and tibia mineral contents in moulted laying hens.

1. A total of 72 H&N Brown Nick laying hens, 76 weeks of age (moulted at 60 weeks of age), were randomly assigned into a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three limestone particle sizes and three dietary Ca concentrations (30, 36 and 42 g/kg Ca); with 8 replicates per treatments, and one hen (individual) per experimental unit. 2. Particle sizes of the limestone were: distributions smaller than 2 mm (Fine), between 2 to 5 mm (Medium), and larger than 5 mm (Large). The fine, medium and large limestone particles were all obtained from the same source, and sieve sizes used had screen sizes 2 mm and 5 mm. 3. The different concentrations of dietary Ca, particle size or interactions had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake or feed conversion ratio. 4. The concentrations of dietary Ca and particle sizes had no significant effect on egg breaking strength, eggshell as % by weight of whole egg or eggshell thickness. The interactions between Ca concentrations and particle sizes had a significant effect on eggshell breaking strength, but not on other parameters. 5. Different dietary particle sizes had no significant effect on the Ca, P and Mg mineral contents of eggshell. While the different concentrations of Ca in diets had a significant effect on the P content of eggshell, they had no significant effect on Ca and Mg contents. 6. Different dietary concentrations of Ca had a significant effect on shear stress, and Ca and Mg contents of tibiae, but not other parameters. Also, dietary particle sizes had a significant effect on shear stress and Ca contents of tibiae. The interaction between Ca concentrations and particle sizes had a significant effect on tibia shear force and Ca content. 7. According to the results of this study, moulted brown laying hens should be fed 36 g/kg Ca and a medium limestone particle size (2–5 mm) in the diet to maintain performance, eggshell and bone quality.

Effects of xylanase enzyme supplementation to corn/wheat-based diets on performance and egg quality in laying hens

This study was conducted to determine the effects of xylanase supplementation of corn/wheat-based diets on the performance and egg quality of laying hens. At 52 wk of age, 180 White Leghorn LSL laying hens were fed 15 diets, consisting of five corn:wheat ratios and three levels of enzyme. None of the treatments affected performance or egg quality, except for egg yolk index and egg yolk color. The egg yolk color was improved by the increase in dietary corn level. It is concluded that wheat can be used instead of corn as an energy feedstuff in laying hen diets. Key words: Egg quality, laying hen, performance, xylanase

THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION BORON, ZINC AND THEIR CADMIUM COMBINATIONS ON PERFORMANCE, EGGSHELL QUALITY, REPRODUCTIVE AND BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE IN QUAIL BREEDERS

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary boron, zinc and their combinations to polluted diets with cadmium on performance, eggshell quality, reproductive and biomechanical properties of tibia in quails. A total of 60 male and 120 female quails, 20 weeks old, were randomly distributed in six equal diets groups. Diet I was control group, Diet II was added 20 mg/kg cadmium. Diet III was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 60 mg/kg boron. Diet IV was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 50 mg/kg zinc. Diet V was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 30 mg/kg boron + 25 mg/kg zinc. Diet VI was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 60 mg/kg boron + 50 mg/kg zinc. Effect of treatments on body weight, egg weight, feed intake, mortality, eggs damaged, specific gravity, eggshell weight, shear force, shear stress and hatchability were not significant (p>0.05). However, the diet VI had a significant adverse effect on the some performance parameters (egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio). Egg quality and fertility were improved by the addition of cadmium. Cortex thickness and cortex cross section area of tibia were the best when quails fed with diet III. Results of the present study showed that the supplementation of 20 mg/kg cadmium to the diets had positive effect on eggshell quality in quail breeders.

Effects of dietary supplementation of inorganic, organic or nano zinc forms on performance, eggshell quality, and bone characteristics in laying hens

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of dietary zinc forms and dosages on egg production performance, egg quality, and bone characteristics in laying hens. Forty-two-week-old, 144 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens were allocated to 12 experimental groups in a 4 (forms) × 3 (dosages) factorial arrangement. Four zinc forms including zinc-sulphate and zinc-oxide as inorganic forms, zinc-glycine as organic form and nano zinc-oxide powder as nano form at different dosages (50, 75 and 100 mg per kg diet) were tested. Compared to the inorganic (zinc-sulphate) form, the zinc-glycine supplementation significantly depressed the egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The eggshell thickness was significantly decreased by supplementation with nano zinc-oxide. The shear force of tibia was significantly decreased by zinc-glycine or nano zinc-oxide supplemented in the diet when compared to inorganic forms of zinc. On the other hand, the dietary 50 mg/kg dosage of zinc was sufficient for optimum performance and the dietary 75 mg/kg dosage of zinc significantly improved shear force of tibia in laying hens. Tibia zinc content increased with the dietary 100 mg/kg dosage of zinc. The interactions between zinc forms and dosages had a significant effect on egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, eggshell thickness, shear force and shear stress of bone, and tibia calcium concentration. The highest egg weight and the lowest eggshell thickness were observed for the group fed with nano Zn-oxide at 100 mg/kg in the diet. These results showed that nano zinc form supplementation negatively affects the eggshell thickness and bone mechanical properties. The zinc in nano form may not be suggested for feeding laying hens, but other forms of zinc could be used safely in layer diets.

The effects of eggshell and oyster shell supplemental as calcium sources on performance, eggshell quality and mineral excretion in laying hens

A study was conducted to determine the influence of different calcium sources in layer diets on performance, eggshell quality and mineral excretions. A total of 72 Hy-Line W36, layer birds of 25 weeks old, were distributed in 6 experimental groups randomly. In each experiment group there were 4 replicates, and in each replicates there were 3 birds. During the 12 weeks experiment period, birds were fed 6 experimental diets. Experimental diets were consisted of various calcium sources for meeting the calcium requirements. It was control (limestone), 1/3 eggshell, 1/3oyster shell, 1/3 eggshell+1/3 oyster shell, 2/3 eggshell and 2/3 oyster shell. Dietary different sources of calcium had no significant effect on body weight change, feed conversion ratio, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, and eggshell phosphorus and magnesium contents (p > 0.05). The different sources calcium had a significantly effect on egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake and eggshell weight in laying hens (p

In Ovo Besleme

Kuluckadan cikan civcivler asilama, cinsiyet ayrimi ve yetistirme kumeslerine nakillerinden dolayi 2-3 gun yem ve su tuketemeyebilirler ve civcivler sadece yumurta sarisindaki besin maddelerini tuketebilirler. Bu kuslarin ileriki donemlerdeki performansini olumsuz etkiler ve yetistiricinin kârinin azalmasina neden olur. Erken yemleme bu olumsuz etkiyi onlemede onemli olup, kulucka sonrasi mumkun olan en kisa zamanda yem ve su tuketmeleri gerekmektedir. Embriyo besleme teknigi olan in ovo ile civcivler cikis oncesi amino asit, karbonhidrat, mineral ve vitamin gibi besin maddelerini alabilirler. Boylece cikis sonrasi performanslari iyilesebilir. Besin ve katki maddelerinin enjeksiyonu kuluckadan cikis oncesi ve sonrasi bagisikligi, kas ve sindirim sisteminin gelisimi etkiler. Dolayisiyla in ovo tekniginin kullanimi basta etlik pilic olmak uzere kanatli sektorunde onemli rol ustenerek ureticinin karliligini arttirabilecek bir yontem olabilir.