Alvaro Bianchi
State University of Campinas
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Featured researches published by Alvaro Bianchi.
Latin American Perspectives | 2006
Alvaro Bianchi
Fernando Henrique Cardoso long ago argued that the business class in an underdeveloped country was limited in its power by its dependence on the state’s participation in the economy and on foreign capital. In the course of the past decade, however, the conditions for business-class hegemony in Brazil did in fact develop. The late 1980s saw the rise of entities that organized businesspeople of different sectors and argued for democratization and grassroots consultation. The Pensamento Nacional das Bases Empresariais, founded in 1990, viewed the market as a regulatory mechanism but did not seek to eliminate state intervention from every sector of the economy and envisioned a new relationship between capital and labor based on negotiation of agreements that satisfied both. Businesspeople came to see in Cardoso a leader who could resolve the crisis of representation of their class and lent him their support in the 1994 election. As they approached the government’s position, however, they began to support objectives quite different from those that had led to their organizations’ creation.
Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política | 2007
Alvaro Bianchi
The debate opened thirty years ago by Norberto Bobbio with a series of articles published by the Mondoperaio magazine raised two challenges to the Marxist theory of politics: 1)Is there a Marxist theory of politics? 2) Which are the alternatives to representative democracy? On the one hand, the debate has revealed a high level of consensus on the values and rules of liberal democracy and, on the other hand, the absence among the participants of the debate of a political theory antagonistic to the constitutional-liberal one. This article deals with this debate and develops the hypothesis that only as a negative political theory Marxism could be a critique of politics, being consolidated as the theoretical program for the overcoming of the political theory of its age and as the practical program of overcoming politics proper.
Dados-revista De Ciencias Sociais | 2017
Alvaro Bianchi
The Complex Path to Institutionalizing Political Science in Italy: From Muratori to Mussolini Despite the existence of a long national tradition of political thought in Italy, the path to institutionalizing political science in the country was riddled with difficulty. Although initial attempts date back to the eighteenth century, it was only in the second half of the twentieth century that the discipline was transformed into a subject in its own right. This article argues that the strong associations between political science and the teaching of law, as well as with the process of constructing the Italian national government, were the main reasons behind its slow institutionalization. In terms of methodology, the article seeks to reconstruct a political history of political science, contextually highlighting the debate of the time and reestablishing the legislation related to the constitution of political science faculties, schools and courses.
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política | 2016
Alvaro Bianchi
The article investigates the methodological debates that took place during the institutionalization process of the Italian Political Science in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Gaetano Mosca and Vilfredo Pareto aspired for a scientific knowledge of the policy to be built in correspondence to natural sciences practices. Mosca strongly advocated for a historical method that would find the psychological forces inside the institutions that could guarantee the regularity of the political phenomena. Pareto advocated a logical-experimental method in which abstract propositions (principles) condense the common features of many facts apprehended through experience. Both projects, however, did not distinguish precisely observation, experiment and experience. For this reason, their methodologies were not able to go beyond the hegemonic political study techniques of their time.
Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política | 2014
Alvaro Bianchi
The article discusses the Weberian concept of State. Tracking different formulations of the concept at different times of Webers work this article highlights the relevance assumed the statement present in the section about the soziologische Kategorienlehre in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. This section Weber made explicit the two dimensions of the State: (1) the State as a political association (politischer Verband), and (2) the State as an enterprise (Betrieb). Considered together, these dimensions allow to understand the coincidence inside the State of a drastic efficiency of the means of coercion, and the possibility of a rational ordering of their application, allowing to go beyond the traditional exposition of the Weberian concept of the State.
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política | 2013
Alvaro Bianchi; Daniela Mussi
With the establishment of the modern Italian nation after the mid-nineteenth century, a constant appeal to the reconstruction of a national intellectual tradition became typical of the Peninsulas political thinking . The latter was part of the challenges of building a new political and social order that guided among other things, a return to the history of the Renaissance and to the figure of Niccolo Machiavelli. Italian Risorgimento would gain new thrust and come to an apex with the papacys defeat and the construction of a new nation between 1861 and 1871. Along that decade - a time of triumph for unification, a definite return of Machiavelli to Italian culture was prepared. The reinvigoration of historiography and political science in Italy was, therefore, a sort of reencounter with Machiavellian tradition. The Risorgimento was also Machiavellis rebirth. This essay seeks to examine three moments of this return, which were at the same time attempts to settle accounts with Italian history dating back to the sixteenth century, crystallized in the works of Francesco De Sanctis (1817-1883), Benedetto Croce (1866-1952), and Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937).
Trans-form-acao | 2006
Alvaro Bianchi
O objetivo deste artigo e apresentar as origens da critica marxiana da politica. Encontrando seu lugar entre os anos de 1842 e 1843 essa critica nasce no interior de uma revisao da filosofia hegeliana e assume uma primeira forma como critica filosofica da politica. A critica da politica desenvolvida por Marx era, assim, rigorosamente, um empreendimento filosofico, mas de uma filosofia que assumia o mundo como seu objeto e se vertia para fora de si propria manifestando-se externamente como uma critica da sociedade da epoca e como uma negacao da politica existente.
Revista de Sociologia e Política | 2004
Alvaro Bianchi
Nesta resenha, pretendo mostrar como A nostalgia do fordismo, de Ruy Braga, constitui-se em uma obra madura capaz de inspirar a acao politica e teorica dos sujeitos comprometidos com a transformacao do presente. Para tal considero necessario cotejar essa obra com A restauracao do capital, livro publicado pelo mesmo autor em 1997. Braga e professor de Sociologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) e secretario de redacao da revista Outubro. Como seu amigo e colaborador ha mais de seis anos, discuti com ele muitas das questoes que serao aqui tratadas, preservando a mutua independencia e a autonomia critica. Considerando essas questoes relevantes, nada melhor do que as tornar publicas e estimular um debate sobre os caminhos teoricos abertos pelo autor. Entrei em contato com Braga por meio da revisao de sua primeira obra solo, A restauracao do capital. O livro era extremamente ambicioso, mas nao e essa uma de suas virtudes. Dividido em duas partes, desconstruia, na primeira, as teses sobre a abolicao do trabalho e os argumentos do pos-fordismo, por meio da critica de Habermas, Gorz e Kurz, Piore, Sabel, Aglietta e Coriat. A seguir, na segunda parte, utilizando os conceitos de crise orgânica e revolucao passiva de Antonio Gramsci, explicitava as estrategias de passivacao do Estado e das forcas produtivas: “O neoliberalismo corresponderia ao processo de passivizacao [ sic] no nivel do aparelho e da formas estruturais da intervencao estatal, assim como a reestruturacao produtiva em curso encarnaria esse mesmo movimento no âmbito do sistema das forcas produtivas” (BRAGA, 1997, p. 213). A forca da tese nao se encontra no enfoque dado ao neoliberalismo, muito embora o tratamento a partir das categorias gramscianas seja um exercicio teorico levado a cabo com competencia. Seu vigor esta na politizacao do debate sobre a reestruturacao produtiva. A critica ao pos-fordismo ja havia, e verdade, enquadrado as transformacoes no universo produtivo no conjunto de mudancas economicas que permitiram uma recomposicao da taxa de lucro e da acumulacao do capital (cf. HARVEY, 1992). Faltava ainda ‐ e essa e a contribuicao de A restauracao do capital ‐ enfatizar as dimensoes politicas dessas transformacoes: a reestruturacao produtiva como revolucao passiva capaz de fragmentar e imobilizar a classe operaria. A tese, desenvolvendo-se como analise da relacao de forcas sociais, rompia com o determinismo tecnologico predominante no debate e apresentava-se como critica pratica. Duas resenhas aquela obra merecem comentarios. Em ambas sao ressaltadas a capacidade analitica do autor e sua ruptura com as concepcoes dominantes. Mas elas tambem se destacam por indicar aquilo que seriam os pontos fracos da obra. A primeira delas, de Jesus Ranieri (1997), publicada na Revista de Sociologia e Politica, destaca as imprecisoes conceituais de Braga e a indefinicao de seus conceitos de forcas produtivas e luta de classes, em primeiro lugar: “A dificuldade maior esta no fato de que a partir de um conteudo suposta e abstratamente dado retira a substância verdadeiramente dinâmica do real, na medida em que se parte de um modelo pre-estabelecido (mas que so existe na cabeca do autor) que aglutina no seu interior diagnosticos e posicoes visceralmente distintos: e a realidade que cabe no modelo (de forcas produtivas e luta de classes) e nao o modelo que corresponde a realidade (das forcas produtivas e da luta de classes)” ( idem, p. 214). Na segunda delas, publicada na revista Critica Marxista, Hector Benoit (1997), colocando-se no mesmo campo politico-teorico de Braga, aponta quatro problemas que, segundo ele, mereceriam reparos: o primeiro e a ausencia do tema da crise de direcao da classe trabalhadora como elemento constitutivo da crise orgânica; o segundo e a ausencia de um tratamento mais aprofundado do Marx de O capital, notadamente da secao IV; o terceiro e a utilizacao acritica da leitura de Eric Hobsbawm sobre o seculo XX e o quarto e a presenca de um jargao pos-gramsciano, que Benoit identifica nas citacoes de Andre Tosel e que retirariam forca e clareza do argumento.
Social Forces | 2005
Alvaro Bianchi; Ruy Braga
Revista de Sociologia e Política | 2001
Alvaro Bianchi