Alysson Massote Carvalho

Programa de Saúde da Família e qualidade de vida: um olhar da Psicologia

Health Care Family Program and quality of life: a view from Psychology. In reference to the current reorganization of the public health care system of Brazil, this paper aimed to demonstrate some impacts of the proposed Health Care Family Program (HCFP) on quality of life and health of the general population. Activities promoted by the HCFP in a municipality of the state of Minas Gerais are described. Employing participant observation, it was observed that the engagement of local people, the multidimensionality of the actions, the incentive towards autonomy and a contextual and more humane aid have altogether made it possible to improve the living conditions of the target community. The congruence between such interventions and the directional principles of the new Health Care Program primary focus has been verified, as well as other contributing elements of health promotion and improvement of the quality of life of the community. Based on such report a proposal for the insertion of practitioners of psychology in the Health Care Family Program is presented.

Brincar em unidades de atendimento pediátrico: aplicações e perspectivas

The present study aimed to investigate the influence of play on children hospitalized in pediatric units, in order to establish correlation between the play behavior and the structure of the hospital environment. Fifty children, between 2 and 10 years of age, carriers of different clinical pathologies were studied. Half of the children were observed in an hospital equipped with a well-structured physical environment, that encourages play activities, and the other half was in an institution that did not offer such facilities. The results showed that in the first pediatric unit, the children acted independently when choosing a toy and when introducing themselves in new groups. However, in the institute not equipped with a well-structured environment, the play activities did not present much variation, and it did not call much the attention of the patients. Thus, it was verified, with the comparison of the hospitals, that a well-structured and play-stimulating environment has influence in the ways of interaction and the types of play.

Brincar e educação: concepções e possibilidades

The goal of this study was to analyze the relations between educational institutions and the act of playing of their students. Subjects of the study were 40 children, of both genders, 4-5 years of age, and 10 educators of five preschool institutions. The procedures for data collection included the videotaping of the children during unstructured recreation in their own institution and interviews with the educators. The main results indicate that the educational institutes are influential over the play behavior of their students. It was also verified that there is incoherence between the understanding and the practice of the professionals, regarding play. These results indicate a necessity to integrate the pedagogical agenda, the practices of formal curriculum and play, transforming and improving the quality of education offered by educational institutions.The goal of this study was to analyze the relations between educational institutions and the act of playing of their students. Subjects of the study were 40 children, of both genders, 4-5 years of age, and 10 educators of five preschool institutions. The procedures for data collection included the videotaping of the children during unstructured recreation in the ir own institution and interviews with the educators. The main results indicate that the educational institutes are influential ov er the play behavior of their students. It was also verified that there is incoherence between the understanding and the practice of the professionals, regarding play. These results indicate a necessity to integrate the pedagogical agenda, the practices of formal curriculum and play, transforming and improving the quality of education offered by educational institutions.

Fatores contextuais na emergência do comportamento de cuidado entre crianças

The objective of the present paper was to investigate a kind of pro-social behavior, the caring behavior among children in different institutional environments, based on an ethological model. The participants were 30 two-year-old children, of both genders, from three different institutions. These children were followed for two years, through observation sessions registered on video, using the technique of observing the focal subject. The data were analyzed using CHAID (Automatic Detector of Interaction based on Chi-Squared) and repeated measures ANOVAs. The results showed the influence of the social and affective context in the environmental arrangements on the variations of caring behavior among children. The structure of the activities and the degree of risk factors were the elements of the environmental organization which directly affected the frequency and variation of caring behavior, indicating their dependence on the contextual factors of the environment.

ADHD and epilepsy: contributions from the use of behavioral rating scales to investigate psychiatric comorbidities.

Children with epilepsy have a high incidence of psychiatric comorbidities, especially attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This observational cross-sectional study investigated the presence of ADHD in 30 children with idiopathic epilepsy. The Brazilian versions of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Teacher Report Form (TRF), and the MTA-SNAP-IV questionnaire were used to assess comorbid psychiatric conditions. ADHD diagnosis was confirmed in 53.3% of children. The combined type was the most prevalent (43.7%), followed by the hyperactive-impulsive (37.5%) and inattentive (18.7%) types. Scores above the cutoff point on these scales were strongly correlated with the presence of ADHD. The high prevalence of ADHD in association with other psychiatric comorbidities in children with epilepsy justifies the use of behavioral rating scales as screening tests.

Qualidade em ambientes de um programa de educação infantil pública

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of infant public educational environments, by the indicated means for this kind of evaluation: Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale - Revised edition (ITERS-R) and Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale - Revised Edition (ECERS-R). Sixteen school groups were evaluated, with ages from six to sixty-eight months. The average gotten by the groups that were evaluated through ITERS-R was of 2.80. The groups that were evaluated through ECERS-R, got an average of 2.69. According to the scales adopted, these results indicate a quality pattern between insufficient and minimally adequated. As the scales items, it was verified a major variation in the scores from classes of until 3 years old. The obtained result showed the necessity of interventions in the program, especially in the items related to the routine and daily care of children with until 3 years old and those related to the activities, with children from 3 years old to sixty-eight months.

Mulher e mãe, "novos papéis", velhas exigências: experiência de psicoterapia breve grupal

The focus of this article is to investigate the roles played by 4 women of different status: outside the marriage, in divorce situations and in single parenting. This is a case study derived from a brief psychotherapy group work in a countryside town in the state of Minas Gerais. The work was developed in six sessions, in which activities according to the psychodrama theoretic referential were used. The results show the importance of group work in order to elaborate women’s conflicts, and also for the work of a psychologist in public health.

Videogame: é do bem ou do mal? Como orientar pais

Since the 70’s thousands of children, young people and adults play computer or videogame games. This study aimed to identify the effects of this technological device on cognition, its applicability and influence on player behavior and health and to establish some guidelines for parents and professionals of health that work with children and adolescents. In the first part we presented some positive and negative effects of the games. In the second part it is proposed a set of orientations in order to keep safety and the final considerations are in the last part. We conclude that videogame is an effective tool for cognitive and perceptive skills optimizing. The educational games are identified as a beneficial experience for its users and negative repercussions are found in those with violence content.

VIDEOGAME E SUA INFLUÊNCIA EM TESTE DE ATENÇÃO

The present research aimed to investigate the performance in five variables of Continuous Performance Test, a maintained attention test. Participants included 30 individuals, aged between 10 and 16 years old, involved in the activities of a Non-governmental Organization (NGO) for poor children, organized in two groups: one of videogame players (VGP) and another with no-players videogame (NVGP). All of them were examined in the CPT-II and the group of NJVG was trained for 20 sessions in two videogames. The NJVG were re-examined in the CPT-II. It could be verified that the group of JVG showed a better performance than the group of NJVG before experimental intervention. After experimental intervention it could be noted that this last group presented a better performance in the test variables evaluated. The results showed that the training conduction and the videogames used were efficient for improving the NVGP adolescents’ performance in the CPT-II.

Videogame: is it from the good or the evil? How to orient parents

Since the 70’s thousands of children, young people and adults play computer or videogame games. This study aimed to identify the effects of this technological device on cognition, its applicability and influence on player behavior and health and to establish some guidelines for parents and professionals of health that work with children and adolescents. In the first part we presented some positive and negative effects of the games. In the second part it is proposed a set of orientations in order to keep safety and the final considerations are in the last part. We conclude that videogame is an effective tool for cognitive and perceptive skills optimizing. The educational games are identified as a beneficial experience for its users and negative repercussions are found in those with violence content.