Amalendu Jyotishi

Toward strategically aligned innovative capability: A QFD-based approach

The authors show how to use the house of quality, which is the core of quality function deployment (QFD), to develop strategically aligned innovative capabilities. The proposed framework integrates extant prescriptions and assesses the alignment of innovative capabilities with business-unit innovation strategy using a structured, systematic, and customizable approach. The framework was tested using a sample of software business units in India. Results indicate a good fit of the framework between strategic capability and innovation performance, and between ideation capability and innovation performance. The results suggest that the framework may be very useful to business units that can customize the list of constituent innovative capabilities to the specific characteristics of their industry.

Characteristics and causes of malnutrition across Indian states: A cluster analysis based on Indian demographic and health survey data

Good nutrition is an essential component of life. Undernutrition is the root cause of death of over 3.5 million children under the age of five in India. To address this issue of malnutrition, though overarching national policy is desirable, it may not be effective if the root cause of malnutrition varies across regions of the country. In this context, the attempt made in this paper is two-fold. First, weather the Indian States can be clustered on four anthropometric parameters of malnutrition. Second, whether the clusters formed thus, exhibit different explaining factors for malnutrition. The Indian-DHS (Demographic Health Survey) Data is used for the analysis. The results thus arrived would help policy-makers to have a targeted approach to malnutrition in different clusters of states.

Influence of R&D and IPR regulations on the performance of IT firms in India: An Empirical Analysis using Tobin's Q Approach

Influence of Research and Development (R&D), as well as regulation on the performance of the industry, is known. However, in a stronger property regime R&D activities become more focused, and innovation-oriented that result in better performance in the organization. Information Technology (IT) industry being the front runner of the knowledge economy is driven by innovation, which in turn reflects on its performance. This quest led us to not only understand the separate influence of R&D and intellectual property rights regulations but also the interaction of both on the performance of IT firms. This paper, in the context of India, investigates the effects of R&D intensity, implementation of WTO-TRIPS agreement and their interaction, on the performance of Information Technology (IT) firms in India. We included some firm-specific controls to reduce their effects on the performance. The performance is measured using Tobins Q. Firm-level data from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd (CMIE) Prowess database for the period 2000-2016 are used. An empirical study is conducted using unbalanced time series data and Random-effects GLS regression method with and without controls and interaction. Our results suggest that the IT firms performance increases with increase in the R&D intensity when interacted with World Trade Organization -- Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (WTO-TRIPS).

Cultural characteristics of small business entrepreneurs in India: examining the adequacy of Hofstede's framework

The functioning of small business or the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India has been closely associated with factors unique to the respective regions of the country. Entrepreneurial capability is often associated, among other factors, with the regions cultural environment. Although many theories have come up on the relationship between human behaviours and culture the one promulgated by Geert Hofstede merits maximum attention; it proposes that people differ to the extent to which they endorse six dimensions of cultural values. Since Hofstede used a neutral, global and scientific (Etic) approach in his study, it became necessary to consider an insiders (Emic) perspective in the Indian context. A qualitative survey of experts was undertaken to validate the relevance and adequacy of Hofstedes framework for India which while reviewing the applicability of Hofstedes cultural framework for India came up with yet another cultural dimension as well.

Differences in approach to and output of innovation: study of "established" and "new entrant" small software businesses in India

This paper examines whether and how established or incumbent firms and new entrants differ in their approach to innovation and innovation output. Analyzing three streams of theory we argue that established firms base their approach to innovation strategy on their resources, capabilities, technologies, and existing markets, while new entrants approach innovation from emerging customer needs and new markets. We also view that established companies are more likely to produce innovation related to new technology, products, and processes, while new entrants are more likely to perform marketing or business model innovations. In-depth qualitative interviews with CEOs and CEO- level officials in a sample of small software businesses in India produce results that support the conclusions from theory. These results have implications for industry and policy makers and open up avenues for further research.

Determinants of Open Source Software Project Performance: A Stage-wise Analysis of GitHub Projects

The phenomenon of open-source software (OSS) has gained importance among the information technology (IT) firms in the recent years due to its advantages over proprietary or closed source software (CSS). The advantages include low cost of development, availability of reusable architectural and functional components, free and unrestricted access to the source codes, and high level of innovation [2]. Firms have started recognizing the importance and value of OSS over CSS. Successful OSS projects such as Linux, Apache, Gnome, R, STATA, Perl, Python, and MySQL have created a significant impact [3] on the paradigm of software development. In recent times, firms and government institutions are giving much importance to OSS adoption [7] and it is an integral part of their strategy. The choice between growth and control plays a very important role in developing OSS adoption strategy. This choice can shift from one to another over the lifecycle of the business, [1] keeping the value it brings to the firm. Firms explore how to appropriate returns from innovations happening outside their boundaries [4] by getting involved in OSS development and balancing intellectual property rights (IPR). The innovation strategies of the firms are also changing from a closed structure within the firm to outside their boundaries [6]. The [10] R&D expenses and IPR impact the performance of IT firms. In CSS the level of advancement of that particular project is limited, but in OSS the projects are available to everyone and hosting services like GitHub, OpenSource, and SourceForge [8] enable them to modify the projects better. The delivery of the software services over the internet, the cloud computing, the reduced hardware cost, the

Influence of Health Service Infrastructure on the Infant Mortality Rate: An Econometric Analysis of Indian States

This study is intended to identify the influence of health service infrastructure, including drinking water and sanitation provision on the infant mortality rate, thus facilitate the informed spending decision by the government. The study also provides an insight into how the states fares in India, cluster on these parameters with respect to the Infant Mortality Rate. The study involves analysis of the pooled data of each state from the census surveys of 2001, 2011 and the latest NFHS-4 data pertaining to the year 2015–16. In this paper OLS regression and K-Means clustering methods are used to arrive at results. The results indicate that provision of Community Health Centers (CHC) and Sanitation facilities among other variables play a crucial part in reducing the infant mortality rate. The clustering of the variables at three different points of time suggest very few states move out of one cluster to another, indicating very few states move out of their reference status in terms of improvement or deterioration.

Health and Nutritional Status of Children: Survey, Challenges and Directions

Globally, there is deep concern about nutrition and health situation of children in the age group under five year. Malnutrition is found to be one of the leading problems in developing nations and is one of the prominent cause of infant mortality and morbidity. It also reflects the socioeconomic well-being of the country. However, literature is not unanimous in terms of definition, causes and methodology used in understanding malnutrition. Through an extant review of literature, this study aims to do a systematic inquiry on characteristics, causes and methodologies to deal with malnutrition in children under age of five. This paper is an attempt to identify these features and techniques in explaining malnutrition and is making a case for usage of artificial intelligence in identifying the causes of malnutrition.

Impacts of globalization on Indian industry: case of financialization in it and non it sectors

This paper endeavors to understand the aspect of financialization that exists in companies, and study the possibility of an increase in an organizations profitability due to accessibility of financial instruments and other investment decisions that can sustain the net margins to meet market expectations and falling operational revenues by the real sector. Our objective is to observe the financial and investment activities of different real sector companies and relate the impact of their existence over the organizations net profits. The study also attempts to seek a further understanding upon the question of its exposure towards IT Service Organizations. With Information Technology reigning as a paramount factor in the Indian Economic context, the question of how financialization applies to the comparison of IT sector vis-à-vis other sectors is the highlight of this paper. This study after an extensive review of literature considers the reported items of the financial statements of 56 companies and analyze the various Non-Operational Items as independent variables that impact the Profit after Tax component of the Income Statement. These variables include income from financial services, other income, interest income, R&D expenditure and workforce and IT service as a dummy variable. The analysis was performed using multiple regression technique. The study overwhelmingly supports significant impact of non-operating income on profit of the organization though there is no statistical difference across IT and non-IT sectors. However, one has to bear in mind the limitation and cross-sectional nature of data before generalizing these results.

Patterns of Online Grocery Shopping in India: An Empirical Study

India has a large and growing population using internet services for various needs. In the early stage of development IRCTC has created a huge mass of Indian population dependent on internet for online booking of railway ticket. In recent times, there has been manifold increase in exposure and usage of internet to connect Customers to online buying portal for buying various other things. Although the online market in India is at early stage it is expected to grow fast. Due to technology advancement, access to internet, increase in exposure and income, shopping via internet has been showing signs of growth. These technological advancement lead to better lives and have provided a platform to shop grocery items online. Looking at this niche segment and potential of upcoming vibrant market, it would be interesting to understand Customer perception on such services. This trend requires different insight to understand and analyze how online shopping is considerably different from store-based shopping. Marketers have huge opportunity to explore this field as Customers are buying & spending more time online as compare to old times. Today, online shoppers have high expectation as they have from any other store -- based retailers. To grab this opportunity retailers are using various strategies to attract Customers to shop online. This paper seeks to understand the patterns of online grocery shopping in India; and explores the factors & trends influencing the online grocery shopping. Our research study focuses to identify various patterns of buying grocery online and factors affecting the process of buying. Worldwide there are studies conducted on online grocery shopping, however we found that very limited studies are highlighting on Indian online grocery market. Therefore our study would help exploring this new dimension of online grocery shopping