Amber L. Brown

Does student teaching matter? Investigating pre-service teachers’ sense of efficacy and preparedness

The purpose of this study was to investigate how student teaching experiences impact the sense of teaching efficacy and feelings of preparedness of pre-service teachers in a nearly and elementary teacher education program (EC-6). The study used an action research, mixed-methods design. Seventy-one pre-service teachers at a large public university in the southwest completed surveys about their preparedness to teach and teaching efficacy pre and post the student teaching semester. Findings indicate that pre-service teachers’ perceptions of preparedness and sense of teaching efficacy both increased significantly (p < .5) from pre-student teaching to post-student teaching. In addition, three themes emerged from the answers to open-ended questions on learning components of student teaching experiences: opportunity for hands-on teaching, the opportunity to observe experienced teachers, and the relationship with their cooperating teacher.

Implementing Active Learning in an Online Teacher Education Course

The purpose of this project was to evaluate an online course in child development in which active learning strategies were infused. Preservice teachers taking the course were future elementary teachers seeking initial prekindergarten to sixth-grade teaching certification. Sixty-one persons were enrolled in a traditional face-to-face section of the course, and fifty-four were enrolled in an online section of the same course. Online discussion postings and reflective journals were analyzed to determine the preservice teachers’ use of higher-level thinking skills. Mastery of course content was measured through final course grades. Results showed no significant difference between the two groups in overall achievement, but a significant difference was seen in the use of higher-level thinking. Preservice teachers in the online class showed a significant increase in the use of higher-level thinking from the beginning of the course to the end; however, those in the face-to-face course did not. In addition, higher-level thinking for all preservice teachers in the study was positively correlated with greater course achievement. Finally, preservice teachers in the online course experienced the most higher-level thinking when posting to the online discussion board.

The Effects of Age at Kindergarten Entry on the Reading Proficiency of African American and European American Students

European American students are more likely delayed entrance in kindergarten than African American students. This study examined whether age at kindergarten entry influences the reading proficiency skills of African American and European American students at the start of kindergarten, at the end of first grade, and at the end of third grade. Using a sample of 1,320 African Americans and 4,399 European American public school students from the Early Childhood Longitudinal -Study-K-5, the study found that age at kindergarten entrance had a significant effect on the reading proficiency at the start of kindergarten and by the end of third grade. In addition, the study found that when entering kindergarten when age eligible, the reading proficiency skills of African American and European American students were not significantly different and neither was the reading proficiency growth between kindergarten and third grade.

Evaluating the efficacy of children participating in Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters and Head Start

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters program when implemented within Head Start programs by measuring children’s language proficiency scores. Participants were kindergarteners concurrently enrolled in both a Head Start program and the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters program along with a comparison group of kindergarteners only enrolled in a Head Start program. According to the results of the chi-square analysis, all of the children who participated in the “Head Start and HIPPY” group scored “developed” on all sections of Texas Primary Reading Inventory or its Spanish language equivalent, El Inventario de Lectura en Español de Tejas. However, only about 33 percent of children in the “Head Start Only” group demonstrated “developed” remarks. The remainder of the “Head Start Only” group (67%) scored “needs intervention” on the Texas Primary Reading Inventory/El Inventario de Lectura en Español de Tejas. Children who participated in both Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters and attended a Head Start Center showed statistically higher scores in language proficiency (χ2(1, N = 22) = 4.07, p = .04) than children who only attended Head Start.

The Impact of Early Intervention on the School Readiness of Children Born to Teenage Mothers.

This study examined the effect of participation in the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters program on the school readiness of children born to teenage mothers versus children born to traditional-age mothers participating in the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters program. A 45-item survey was collected from the kindergarten teachers of both the children of teenage mothers in the Texas Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters program and a matched control group. The survey consisted of five subsections: socioemotional development, approaches to learning, physical development, language development, and general knowledge. Results of independent samples t-tests indicated no statistical difference between the two groups. These results seem to suggest that the curriculum used by the Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Youngsters program, which focuses on supporting parents as their child’s first teacher, helps to mitigate any potential negative effects on being a child of a teenage mother.

Content analysis of children's mathematics proficiency

In this study, 244 children (average age: 61 months) and their parents from the Dallas and Fort Worth metroplex area in Texas were surveyed to investigate children’s proficiency in mathematics content on numbering, sizes, comparisons, and shapes. The researchers investigated children’s proficiency in mathematics associated with children’s gender, ethnic background, and prekindergarten experience. Major findings of this study were as follows: (a) no gender differences were found in mathematics proficiency in all content areas; (b) among four major ethnic groups of children, White children showed higher proficiency in all mathematics content areas than other racial/ethnic groups including African American, Hispanic, and Asian children; (c) children without prekindergarten experiences outperformed children who had prekindergarten experiences in all mathematics content areas except “numbering.” No significant mean differences were found in “numbering” between these two groups.