Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam

Optimal energy management of a micro-grid with renewable energy resources and demand response

With the introduction of smart energy grids and extensive penetration of renewable energy resources in distribution networks, Micro-Grids (MGs), which are comprised of various alternative energy resources and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems for better implementation of DR programs, are effectively employed. The design and development of Smart Energy Management Systems (SEMSs) for MGs are interesting and attractive research problems. In this paper a new SEMS architecture is presented to solve the multi-objective operation management and scheduling problem in a typical MG while considering different energy resource technologies, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and DR programs. The energy management problem is formulated as a constrained mixed integer nonlinear multi-objective optimization problem, in which the MGs total operating cost and net emissions must be minimized simultaneously. Three different optimization algorithms are used to solve the above mentioned problem and their ou...

Optimal utilization of microgrids supplemented with battery energy storage systems in grid support applications

This paper proposes a control scheme which minimizes the operating cost of a grid connected micro-grid supplemented by battery energy storage system (BESS). What distinguishes approach presented here from conventional strategies is that not only the price of electricity is considered in the formulation of the total operating cost but an additional item that takes into account inevitable battery degradation. The speed of degradation depends on battery technology and its mission profile and this effect demands for eventual replacement of the stack. Therefore it can be mapped in additional operating cost. By modeling battery degradation as a function of depth of discharge (DoD) and discharge rate and translating incremental loss of capacity in each cycle into associated cost, objective function has been defined and solved using GAMS. Simulation results are presented to verify the proposed approach.

Load shifting control and management of domestic microgeneration systems for improved energy efficiency and comfort

In this paper, an intelligent energy management system based on energy saving and users comfort is introduced and applied to a residential smart home as a case study. The proposed multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP)-based architecture takes the advantages of several key modeling aspects such as load shifting capability and domestic energy micro-generation characteristics. To demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed model, several computer simulations are carried out under different operating scenarios with real data and different system constraints. Moreover, the superior performance of the proposed energy management system is shown in comparison with the conventional models. The numerical results also indicate that through wise management of demand and generation sides, there is a possibility to reduce domestic energy use and improve the users satisfaction degree.

Optimal Design of a Wide Area Measurement System for Improvement of Power Network Monitoring Using a Dynamic Multiobjective Shortest Path Algorithm

Wide area measurement system (WAMS) usually contains three dependent infrastructures called management, measurement, and communication. For optimal operation of a power system, it is necessary to design these infrastructures suitably. In this paper, measurement and communication infrastructures in a wide area network are designed independently from a management viewpoint, considering an adequate level of system observability. In the first step, optimal placement of measurement devices is determined using an integer linear programming (ILP) solution methodology while taking into account zero-injection bus effects. In the next step, new dynamic multiobjective shortest path (MOSP) programming is presented for the optimal design of communication infrastructure. The best architecture design is introduced in terms of optical fiber power ground wire (OPGW) coverage for the suggested central control bus and the number of phasor measurement units (PMUs). The applicability of the proposed model is finally examined on several IEEE standard test systems. The simulation results show better performance of the proposed method compared with other conventional methods. The numerical results reveal that applying the proposed method could not only reduce the OPGW coverage cost, the number of PMUs, and the number of communication links but could also improve the system technical indexes such as latency as subsidiary results of the optimization process.

Multi-level energy management and optimal control of a residential DC microgrid

Extensive exploitation of renewable energies together with the increased role of low-voltage DC (LVDC) micro-sources in the generation mix of the future electricity networks, have become the driving force behind the DC microgrid applications. In this paper, an optimal dispatch model of a residential DC microgrid (R-DCMG) with different distributed generations (DGs) and loads is proposed and implemented as an optimal hierarchical control strategy. A system-level optimizer is designed to calculate the optimal operating points of the controllable energy sources (CESs) when needed, while lower-level controllers are utilized to enforce the CESs to follow optimal set-points.

Optimal real-time dispatch for integrated energy systems: An ontology-based multi-agent approach

With the emerging of small-scale integrated energy systems (IESs), there are significant potentials to increase the functionality of a typical demand-side management (DSM) strategy and typical implementation of building-level distributed energy resources (DERs). By integrating DSM and DERs into a cohesive, networked package that fully utilizes smart energy-efficient end-use devices, advanced building control/automation systems, and integrated communications architectures, it is possible to efficiently manage energy and comfort at the end-use location. In this paper, an ontology-driven multi-agent control system with intelligent optimizers is proposed for optimal real-time dispatch of an integrated building and microgrid system considering coordinated demand response (DR) and DERs management. The optimal dispatch problem is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programing problem (MINLP) and solved through an agent-based approach. Several computer simulations are also presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach over the conventional methods.

Optimal scheduling of a multi-carrier energy hub supplemented by battery energy storage systems

This paper introduces a management model for optimal scheduling of a multi-carrier energy hub. In the proposed hub, three types of assets are considered: dispersed generating systems (DGs) such as micro-combined heat and power (mCHP) units, storage devices such as battery-based electrical storage systems (ESSs), and heating/cooling devices such as electrical heater, heat-pumps and absorption chillers. The optimal scheduling and management of the examined energy hub assets in line with electrical transactions with distribution network is modeled as a mixed-integer non-linear optimization problem. In this regard, optimal operating points of DG units as well as ESSs are calculated based on a cost-effective strategy. Degradation cost of ESSs is also taken into consideration for short-term scheduling. Simulation results demonstrate that including well-planned energy storage options together with optimal scheduling of generating units can improve the economic operation of the multi-carrier energy hub while meeting the systems constraints.

Optimal planning and operation management of a ship electrical power system with energy storage system

Next generation power management at all scales is highly relying on the efficient scheduling and operation of different energy sources to maximize efficiency and utility. The ability to schedule and modulate the energy storage options within energy systems can also lead to more efficient use of the generating units. This optimal planning and operation management strategy becomes increasingly important for off-grid systems that operate independently of the main utility, such as microgrids or power systems on marine vessels. This work extends the principles of optimal planning and economic dispatch problems to shipboard systems where some means of generation and storage are also schedulable. First, the question of whether or how much energy storage to include into the system is addressed. Both the storage power rating in MW and the capacity in MWh are optimized. Then, optimal operating strategy for the proposed plan is derived based on the solution from a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. Simulation results showed that including well-sized energy storage options together with optimal operation management of generating units can improve the economic operation of the test system while meeting the systems constraints.

Distributed Control and Management of Renewable Electric Energy Resources for Future Grid Requirements

It is anticipated that both medium- and low-voltage distribution networks will include high level of distributed renewable energy resources, in the future. The high penetration of these resources inevitably can introduce various power quality issues, including; overvoltage and overloading. This book chapter provides the current research state of the art concepts and techniques in dealing with these potential issues. The methods provided in this chapter are based on distributed control approach, tailored and suitable particularly for the future distribution composition. The distributed control strategy is a promising approach to manage and utilise the resources in future distribution networks to effectively deal with grid electric quality issues and requirements. Jointly, utility and customers the owners of the resources in the network are considered as part of a practical coordination strategy in this method. Standard IEEE test system is used for application, and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by providing the results.

Coordinated Demand Response and Distributed Generation Management in Residential Smart Microgrids

Nowadays with the emerging of small-scale integrated energy systems (IESs) in form of residential smart microgrids (SMGs), a large portion of energy can be saved through coordinated scheduling of smart household devices and management of distributed energy resources (DERs). There are significant potentials to increase the functionality of a typical demand-side management (DSM) strategy, and typical implementation of building-level DERs by integrating them into a cohesive, networked package that fully utilizes smart energy-efficient end-use devices, advanced building control/automation systems, and an integrated communications architecture to efficiently manage energy and comfort at the end-use location. By the aid of such technologies, residential consumers have also the capability to mitigate their energy costs and satisfy their own requirements paying less attention to the configuration of the energy supply system. Regarding these points, this chapter initially defines an efficient framework for coordinated DSM and DERs manage‐ ment in an integrated building and SMG system. Then a working energy manage‐ ment system (EMS) for applications in residential IESs is described and mathematically modeled. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed model is tested and validated in different operating modes compared to the existing models. The findings of this chapter show that by the use of an expert EMS that coordinates supply and demand sides simultaneously, it is very possible not only to reduce energy costs of a residential IES, but also to provide comfortable lifestyle for occupants.