Amoacy Carvalho Fabrício

Perdas por erosão e rendimentos de soja e de trigo em diferentes sistemas de preparo de um latossolo roxo de Dourados (MS)

Soil and water losses were evaluated from 1987 to 1995, on a very clayey red dusky latosol, with 0.03 m m-1 slope, of Embrapa-Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Oeste, at Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Soil tillage systems used for growing wheat and soybean in succession were: chisel plow + tandem disk (ES), offset disk + tandem disk (GP), no tillage (PD) and conventional tillage, with no vegetable cover (DE). All tillage operations and seeding were in the up and down hill. PD was the most efficient tillage system to control soil and water losses and was the most productive. GP was the least efficient. Means of soil and water losses for PD, ES, GP and DE were, respectively: 0.8; 2.8; 5.3 and 7.3 t ha-1 year-1, and 27, 80, 112, and 149 mm year-1. Compared to DE, the PD controlled 89% of soil and 82% of water erosion losses, and yielded 17% more soybean and wheat grain than GP. As for wheat, ES was 12% more productive than GP. Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R) was 6.411 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 year-1, and the erodibility fator (K) was 0.0045 t h MJ-1 mm-1, reflecting characteristics of high infiltration and high internal drainage of this soil. During the 1994/95 growing season, the highest soil loss period per time unit was from seedbed preparation to seeding soybean, and the period of highest absolute soil erosion losses was from 30 to 60 days after seeding soybean. This shows the great importance of soil cover, specially during the inicial cropping phase, and support the recommendation of the no tillage system for this region.

Teor e dinâmica do carbono no solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of soil management systems to change the contents and dynamics of soil carbon. Natural vegetation and systems composed of perennial tropical pastures, annual crops under conventional tillage and no-tillage systems, and pasture rotation with annual crops were evaluated in long-term experiments carried out in Dourados, Maracaju and Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The experiments were set in a completely randomized block design, in Dourados and Maracaju, and in a randomized complete block design in Campo Grande. Contents and stocks of total C in soil and in soil organic matter (SOM) fractions were measured. The quality of SOM was estimated by the ratio of C in labile and nonlabile fractions, and expressed in the form of lability. Permanent pasture or pasture in rotation with crops increased C in the particulate fraction and the SOM lability. Lower rates of accumulation and of stocks of soil C were observed in systems explored only with annual crops, while higher values were recorded in systems with pasture.

Estrutura do dossel em pastagens de capim-marandu submetidas a quatro ofertas de lâminas foliares

The objective of this work was to evaluate the sward structure of Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu pastures in response to leaf blade allowance. The forage grass was sown in January 2001, at Embrapa Agropecuaria Oeste, Dourados, MS, Brazil and the allowances were 4, 8, 12 and 16% (kilograms of leaf blade per 100 kg of live weight per day). The experimental design was complete randomized blocks, with two replicates. The pasture was monthly evaluated during from October 2002 to May 2003, October 2003 to June 2004 and November of 2004 to June of 2005. The allowances were kept constant with put-and-take animals and continuous stocking grazing. The leaf blade mass and sward height increased linearly as a function of leaf blade allowance. The leaf blade accumulation rate and the root dry matter did not respond to the increase of allowance. The leaf blade mass and sward height vary with leaf blade allowance.

Eficiência de extratores de fósforo em dois latossolos do Mato Grosso do Sul

With the objective of evaluating the efficiency of three phosphorus extractors in two Mato Grosso do Sul State oxisols, in Brazil, one greenhouse experiment was carried out with three P sources (triple superphosphate, Araxa rock phosphate and Gafsa rock phosphate), all in five levels (0, 50, 150, 450, and 600 mg per kg of soil). Common bean was used as test plant. In order to evaluate the phosphorus availability in the soils, the dry matter yield, the above ground phosphorus content, the plants height and the number of trifoliate leaves were correlated with the extracted phosphorus by Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 and ion exchange resin methods. Mehlich-3 and resin were more sensitive to soil variations. According to their efficiencies, the extractors were classified in the following order: resin > Mehlich-3 > Mehlich-1. The resin method showed the best correlations with the plants characteristics, thus showing to be the most suitable in forecasting the available P in different soils and P sources. The best correlations were yielded by the resin and Mehlich-3 methods.

Infiltração de atrazina em latossolo submetido aos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a lixiviacao e o potencial de contaminacao de lencois de agua com atrazina, em solos sob manejo de plantio direto (PD) e convencional (PC). Foram realizados experimentos em campo e em colunas com Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro distroferrico, submetido ao manejo PD e PC, em Dourados, MS, Brasil. Os valores de condutividade hidraulica e potencial matrico, determinados com o permeâmetro de Guelph no PD, demonstram fluxo continuo de agua no solo. A maior condutividade na superficie, associada ao potencial matrico negativo, demonstrou descontinuidade hidrologica, na comparacao das camadas subjacentes, verificada no PC em relacao ao PD. No entanto, o PD apresentou deslocamento vertical de atrazina menor que o PC. Os resultados mostraram que as perdas de atrazina por lixiviacao ocorreram mais intensamente com as primeiras chuvas, logo apos a aplicacao do produto. O PD apresentou maior concentracao de atrazina em comparacao ao PC, tendo reduzido as perdas por lixiviacao. Os dados indicam que a tecnologia de plantio direto pode reduzir o impacto ambiental provocado pelos pesticidas.