Amr Henni

Part 5b: Solvent chemistry: reaction kinetics of CO2 absorption into reactive amine solutions

Reaction kinetics is one of the most important parameters for the amine-based CO2 capture process because it indicates how fast CO2 reacts with amine, and it is one of the key parameters required for simulating and designing the absorption column. Reaction kinetics has been studied for several decades to aid the understanding of the reaction mechanism, obtaining the kinetics data and understanding the kinetics behavior. This article will comprehensively review these research activities from past to present and look at the future perspective of the study of CO2 absorption kinetics.

Part 5c: Solvent chemistry: solubility of CO2 in reactive solvents for post-combustion CO2

Concerns about climate change have propelled research efforts to develop affordable and environmentally benign technologies to capture CO2 from large emission sources, which can subsequently be used either for enhanced oil recovery or stored in other geological storage sites. The study of the solubility of CO2 in solvents is therefore of great interest, both from the theoretical and practical points of view. To screen solvents or to design CO2 capture processes, knowledge of the equilibrium solubility of CO2 in the solvents is necessary. A large body of solubility data of CO2 in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of prominent industrial amines are available in literature. We present such data along with a description of the experimental techniques and thermodynamic models used. Innovations made to obtain an optimum solubility of CO2 and to minimize the energy cost of a desired CO2 capture system by adopting different kinds of solvents are also reviewed.

Densities and low pressure solubilities of carbon dioxide in five promising ionic liquids

Ionic liquids are presently considered the most energy-efficient and environmentally benign solvents for CO2 capture. This research aimed at measuring the solubility of CO2 in five room temperature ionic liquids, triethylsulfoniumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([S222][Tf2N]), diethylmethyl(2-methoxy ethyl)-ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([deme][Tf2N]), 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([pmim][Tf2N]), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis-(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([amim][Tf2N]), and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([4mbp][BF4]) at (313.15, 323.15 and 333.15 K) and at pressures up to 20 bar using a gravimetric microbalance. The experimental solubility data of CO2 in these solvents were well correlated using the Peng–Robinson (PR-EoS), Redlich–Kwong–Soave (SRK-EoS), SRK-EoS with quadratic mixing rules, and the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) with satisfactory average absolute deviations (AADs). Binary interaction parameters for these correlations were also reported. The absorption of CO2 was prone to diminish in this sequence: [deme][Tf2N] > [pmim][Tf2N] > [amim][Tf2N] > [S222][Tf2N] > [4mbp][BF4]. The four ionic liquids {[deme][Tf2N], [pmim][Tf2N], [amim][Tf2N], and [S222][Tf2N]} are deemed promising due to comparably high CO2 absorption (physical) to other prevalent CO2-absorbing ionic liquids. More interestingly, [deme][Tf2N] is shown to have the highest CO2 solubility among all ammonium-based ionic liquids reported in the literature. In addition, Henrys law constants, enthalpies and entropies of absorption for CO2 in the investigated ionic liquids were also reported.

Review of Recent Developments in CO2 Capture Using Solid Materials: Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

In this report, the adsorption of CO2 on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is comprehen‐ sively reviewed. In Section 1, the problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions are ad‐ dressed, and different technologies used in CO2 capture are briefly introduced. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of CO2 adsorption on solid mate‐ rials with special focus on an emerging class of materials called metal organic frame‐ works owing to their unique characteristics comprising extraordinary surface areas, high porosity, and the readiness for systematic tailoring of their porous structure. Recent liter‐ ature on CO2 capture using MOFs is reviewed, and the assessment of CO2 uptake, selec‐ tivity, and heat of adsorption of different MOFs is summarized, particularly the performance at low pressures which is relevant to post-combustion capture applications. Different strategies employed to improve the performance of MOFs are summarized along with major challenges facing the application of MOFs in CO2 capture. The last part of this chapter is dedicated to current trends and issues, and new technologies needed to be addressed before MOFs can be used in commercial scales.

Simulation/Optimization of carbon dioxide capture plant: A case study of AGRU from Thailand

Abstract Currently, the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), a major greenhouse gas, causes global warming: a serious issue in many industries. Chemical absorption using monoethanolamine (MEA) is a commercial technology for post-combustion CO 2 capture process due to its high capacity and absorption rate. However, a high energy requirement in the solvent regeneration section, leading to high electricity cost, is the main disadvantage. To achieve the Department of Energy (DOE)′s target of 90% volume of CO 2 captured from post-combustion flue gas with only a 30% increase in electricity cost, methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is considered possible CO 2 capture solvent with the advantage of a low energy penalty, low heat of absorption with acid gases, low corrosion, and low vapor pressure. Piperazine (PZ), an effective rate promoter, is introduced to enhance the absorption rate of MDEA. The aqueous amine-based CO 2 capture process has been developed using Aspen HYSYS (v.8.6) with a case study on the Acid Gas Removal Unit (AGRU) from Map Ta Put, Thailand. The feed gas consists of CO 2, H 2 S, N 2 , and hydrocarbons. The optimal operating condition targeted was the limitation of the purified gas stream which should contain CO 2 less than 0.1xa0mol% and less than 4xa0ppm of H 2 S. The design factors of PZ concentration, and solvent-to-feed ratio were optimized to reach the target. The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) was used to design the optimal heat exchanger network (HEN) to save utility consumption.

History matching of experimental and CMG-STARS results

At present, chemical flooding is one of essential enhanced oil recovery methods. In this study, three core flooding experiments (brine flooding, Alkaline, andxa0Alkaline + Ionic Liquid slug flooding) were selected for history matching using CMG-STARS. Depending on the composition of the chemical slug, two pore volumes were injected into the porous medium to enhance the RF of heavy oil (14° API). We observed that the most challenging part of building up the model was relative permeability curves. So, the relative permeability values were tuned to end up with a successful match of cumulatively produced oil and water cut. Finally, history matching is significant to apply a wide range of assumptions and upscale the experimental results.

Reaction Kinetics of CO2 in Aqueous 2-(Diisopropylamino)ethanol, N,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, Tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl]amine, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline Solutions Using the Stopped-Flow Technique

Abstract The observed pseudo first order rate constants (k0) were measured for the reaction between CO2 and tertiary amines such as [2-(Diisopropylamino) ethanol (2-DIPA), N,n,n′,n′-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (THPEDA), and Tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl]amine (TMEEA) in aqueous systems, and in methanol for N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline (2-HEAN)]. The measurements were performed from (298.15 to 323.15) K using the stopped flow technique, and at concentrations ranging from (200 to1100) mol/m3. The base catalysis mechanism was used to correlate the data obtained for both aqueous and non-aqueous systems, and to calculate the second order reaction rate constants k2 (m3mol−1s−1). The reaction rate of CO2 in aqueous (2-DIPA) solution was found to be faster than that in the other aqueous and non-aqueous tertiary amines studied and was also are higher than in aqueous Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), an amine considered the industry standard.