Amrendra Kumar Chaudhary

Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activities of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. in Wistar rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. is used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat peptic ulcer. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the gastric antisecretory and antiulcer activity of Cedrus deodara. MATERIALS AND METHODS The volatile oil extracted by steam distillation of Cedrus deodara wood was examined for its gastric antisecretory and antiulcer effect in the pylorus-ligated rat model and ethanol induced gastric lesions in rats. RESULTS The volatile oil showed significant antisecretory activity as evidenced by decreased gastric fluid volume, total acidity, free acidity and increase in the pH of the gastric fluid in pylorus-ligated rats. Our studies also revealed that pretreatment with Cedrus deodara significantly reduced the number of ulcer, ulcer score and ulcer index in pylorus-ligated and ethanol treated rats. The antiulcer activity of Cedrus deodara is further supported by histopathological study which showed protection of mucosal layer from ulceration and inflammation. CONCLUSION The present findings conclude that volatile oil of Cedrus deodara wood has potent antisecretory and antiulcer effects and justify the traditional usage of this herb to treat peptic ulcers.

Wound healing and antimicrobial potential of Carissa spinarum Linn. in albino mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Carissa spinarum Linn. (Apocynaceae), popularly known as Jungle karunda, has been traditionally used as wound healing agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate in vivo wound healing and antimicrobial properties of methanolic extract of Carissa spinarum. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of methanolic extract of Carissa spinarum root extracted by cold maceration was evaluated on burn wound model in mice. The wound healing activity of 1% and 2.5% (w/w) extract was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelization and hydroxyproline content. Histological study of the granulation tissue was carried out to know the extent of collagen formation in the wound tissue. The antimicrobial activity of extract was also studied against the bacterial and fungal strain using agar dilution method. RESULTS The results showed that Carissa spinarum root extract has significant wound healing activity as evident from the rate of wound contraction and epithelization. Hydroxyproline expressions and histological parameters were also well correlated with the healing pattern observed. Methanolic extract also exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of Carissa spinarum in the management of wounds.

Antidiabetic activity of Passiflora incarnata Linn. in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of Passiflora incarnata Linn. leaves which are widely used as traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic extracts of leaves of Passiflora incarnata were administered orally (100 and 200 mg/kg, for 15 days) to streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Hypoglycemic effects, oral glucose tolerance test, change in body weight and lipid profile of diabetic mice treated with methanolic extracts were assessed and compared with normal, diabetic control and standard drug treated mice. Histological examination during 15 days of treatment was also carried out. RESULTS Methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Significant differences were also observed in urine glucose level, oral glucose tolerance test, serum lipid profile and body weight of methanolic extract treated diabetic mice, when compared with diabetic, normal and standard drug treated mice. Histopathological studies of the pancreas showed comparable regeneration of the cells by extract which were earlier necrosed by streptozotocin. CONCLUSION Methanolic extract of Passiflora incarnata exhibit significant anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice.

Validated Reverse Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of DEHP Content in Reconstituting Diluents and in Reconstituted Solutions of Imipenem and Cilastatin for Injection

A simple, rapid, accurate and economic reverse phase HPLC method was developed and validated for determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in reconstituting diluents and reconstituted solutions of imipenem and cilastatin for injection The method was applied to detect any leaching enhancement in presence of imipenem and cilastatin in reconstituted injections. Imipenem and cilastatin for injection is a widely used broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic. As per requirements of various regulatory authorities of different countries, DEHP content needs to be monitored in the reconstituting diluents used to reconstitute injections. The proposed method is a unique method wherein DEHP can be determined directly without any sample pre-treatment before analysis. The method can be used as a good quality control tool to control the leaching of DEHP in the reconstituting diluents and reconstituted injections. The method utilizes C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μ) and a mixture of methanol, propan-2-ol and water as mobile phase. DEHP was detected at 225 nm. The method has low limit of quantification (0.058 μg mL-1) which is much below the acceptance limit calculated as per USFDA tolerance criteria (3.5 μg mL-1 for adults and 0.3 μg mL-1 for neonates and infants).

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NOVEL RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SALBUTAMOL SULFATE, GUAIFENESIN, AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET FORMULATION

A simple and precise liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of Salbutamol sulfate, Guaifenesin, and Ambroxol hydrochloride in combined tablet dosage form was developed and validated. The chromatographic separation of the drugs was achieved with a Princeton sphere C-8 25 cm × 4.6 mm (Rankem) analytical column using buffer and methanol (58:42 v/v) as the mobile phase. The buffer used in mobile phase contained 0.1 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate and its pH was adjusted to 4.5 with 10% ortho-phosphoric acid. The instrument was set at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1, column at ambient temperature, and the wavelength of UV-visible detector at 220 nm. The method showed excellent linearity over a range of 5–35 µg mL−1 for all the drugs. The correlation coefficients for Salbutamol sulfate, Guaifenesin, and Ambroxol hydrochloride were noted to be 0.9998, 0.9998, and 0.9995, respectively, and the mean recovery values were found to be 99.53%, 100.28%, and 100.05%, respectively. The proposed method could be suitable for quantitative determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and also for quality control in bulk manufacturing. The intermediate precision data was subjected to statistical analysis (F-test and t-test at 95% confidence level).