Amrita Duhan

Tuberculosis of uterine cervix: a report of two cases with variable clinical presentation.

Tuberculosis (TB) of the cervix is a rare disease. We describe two cases of tuberculous cervicitis with variable clinical presentation. In one case, a young woman presented with primary infertility and secondary amenorrhoea. The other is a perimenopausal woman with irregular vaginal bleeding and postcoital blood-stained discharge. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination of the endocervical curettings and a cervical biopsy. The patients were given six months of anti-tuberculous therapy and responded well.

Isolated tuberculous splenic abscess in an immunocompetent individual

Tuberculosis (TB) of the spleen is an extremely rare clinical entity particularly among immunocompetent persons. We report a case of isolated tuberculous abscess of spleen in a 13- years- old boy. No primary focus of infection was detected in lungs or any other organ. The patient was treated by splenectomy after a therapeutic failure with standard antituberculous medication.

An Unusual Presentation of Pelvic Leiomyomatosis Misdiagnosed as Disseminated Malignancy

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD) is an exceedingly rare, usually benign condition that clinically simulates a disseminated malignancy, occurring predominantly in women of childbearing age. We present a case of LPD in a postmenopausal woman who had undergone hysterectomy 8 years back for fibroids along with simultaneous presence of pelvic metastasis from breast carcinoma.

Spinal meningeal melanocytoma

Primary melanotic meningeal neoplasms are extremely rare lesions and benign forms are even rarer though with better prognosis than the malignant ones. We describe a 40-year-old male with a history of gradually progressive weakness of both lower limbs with normal bowel, bladder control, and an intradural mass measuring 1.5×1.0 cm on radiologic investigations. The lesion was surgically excised. Histopathologic examination revealed heavily melanin-pigmented cells, nuclei with reticulogranular chromatin and small nucleoli, moderate amount of eosinophillic cytoplasm with indistinct cell boundaries, and symplasmic appearance. A probable diagnosis of meningeal melanocytoma was made. The diagnosis was confirmed on immunohistochemical analysis which revealed strongly positive expression of HMB-45 in the tumor cells. Vimentin and S-100 were also diffusely positive while neuron specific enolase showed focal and patchy positivity; however, epithelial membrane antigen was distinctly negative.

A rare case of Endometriosis in vaginal hysterectomy scar

Presented hereunder is probably the first reported case of endometriosis at the vaginal apex following vaginal hysterectomy. No other similar case could be traced in the review of the literature.

Evaluation profile of thyroid nodule by fnac in the rural population of khanpur kalan, sonepat, haryana.

BACKGROUND Thyroid disease is most common endocrine disorder and is different from other endocrine diseases because of its visible swelling and ease of diagnosis. If left untreated, thyroid disease makes a person more prone for heart disease, infertility and osteoporosis. In India, significant burden of thyroid diseases exist with an estimation of around 42 million cases. The thyroid status and autoimmune status of adult Indian population in the post iodinization phase is largely unknown. AIM The main objective of this study was to generate valuable epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of thyroid disorders in rural population of Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat in the post-iodinisation era in India. To assess whether thyroid autoimmunity or goitrogens along with environmental factors play role in the development of thyroid.This paper is being presented in view that no such study has been carried out in the rural population of this region in Haryana. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was conducted in Department of Pathology, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat between August 2011 to July 2013. It included retrospective analysis of cytomorphology of fine needle aspiration cytology material of 206 patients presenting with thyroid nodule in the Department of Pathology. RESULTS The commonest age group affected was 31-40 yrs. The female patients (93.4%) outnumbered the male patients (6.6%).The cytomorphological analysis of 206 patients revealed 190 cases (92.2%) of neoplastic lesions, 10 cases (4.8%) were neoplastic and 6 cases (2.9%) had indeterminate cytomorphology. Maximum number (65.5%) of patients was suffering with goiter followed by lymphocytic thyroiditis (26.2%). Amongst the malignant cases three cases were of papillary carcinoma and one case of medullary carcinoma. Two out of the six cases of follicular neoplasm proved to be follicular adenoma on histopathology. Four patients with high T3 levels were under treatment with neomercazole. They showed change in cytomorphology from hyperplasia to colloid goiter. Only one case of acute suppurative thyroiditis was reported which shows rarity of its type. CONCLUSION The increased prevalence of goiter in this post iodinisation era can be attributed to goitrogens, autoimmune thyroid disease and micronutrient deficiency of iron and selenium. Higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in females is linked with both genetic and environmental factors such as infection, stress.

Endocervical and vaginal tuberculosis: series of three cases.

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Cytological Features of Granulomatous Mastitis-A study of ten cases

Introduction: Granulomatous mastitis is a rare benign disease, the exact cause of which is still unknown. It usually presents as a mass which may simulate carcinoma. Many patients are put on long term antibiotics because of breast abscess suspicion, but are not cured. This disease usually affects women of child-bearing age with a history of oral contraceptive use. Most cases have been reported in third decade. In previous studies most of cases of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis were within six years of pregnancy. There are two types of granulomatous mastitis, specific and idiopathic. Aim: To study cytological features of granulomatous mastitis, the age group involved and how to differentiate it from malignancy to prevent unnecessary mastectomies. Method: FNAC was performed with 22G needle. Slides prepared were stained with leishman stain. Special stains like Zeihl Nelson stain and Periodic Acid Schiffs were done to rule out mycobacterium and fungal etiology. Result: Cytological features of noncaseating granuloma along with plenty of polymorphs in the background is suggestive of granulomatous mastitis. History of lactation and oral contraceptives along with special tests further aids in its diagnosis. Conclusion: In this study of ten cases we describe the importance of cytology in diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis which helps us to prevent unnecessary mastectomies. GM is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion that is by excluding other causes of chronic inflammation. Infective causes such as tuberculosis should always be ruled out before stating treatment with steroid.

Isolated angiomyolipoma of vulva: A case report of an uncommon tumor at an uncommon site

Extra renal angiomyolipoma is an exceedingly rare entity. This is usually not associated with tuberous sclerosis as it has no human melanoma black 45 immune reactive cells although it shares the terminology with renal angiomyolipoma. The histological features are characterized by admixture of blood vessels, smooth muscles, and mature adipose tissues in variable proportion. Surgical excision is considered curative. We report a case of isolated vulval angiomyolipoma in a 45-year-old female which clinically and radiologically presented as lipoma like lesion. Our case of isolated vulval angiomyolipoma is the first reported case in the literature.

Leukaemic pleural effusion as a manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia: a case report and review of literature.

Haematologic malignancies such as acute and chronic leukaemias rarely present with or develop pleural effusion during their clinical course. We present a case of a young female who presented with unilateral pleural effusion and was diagnosed with haematologic malignancy on pleural fluid cytology. On further workup, a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukaemia was established. The patient was put on chemotherapy thereafter. This case clearly highlights the importance of cytopathology aids in making a diagnosis of rare and unusual presentation in haematologic malignancies.