Amrith Raj Rao

Nanotechnology: potential applications in urology.

Nanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation, and application of functional materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter at the nanometre scale. Nanomedicine is the monitoring, repair, construction and control of human biological systems at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures. One nanometre (10 − 9 m) is the scale at which most biological molecules operate inside living cells, e.g. a DNA molecule is 2.5 nm long and a sodium atom is ≈ 0.2 nm. Over the next decade it is widely expected that nanotechnology and nanomedicine will have important and innovative applications in clinical research and medicine, as well as contributing 1 trillion dollars to the global economy [1].

SIR PERCIVAL POTT AND HIS MEMORABLE CONTRIBUTION TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER'S CANCER AND THE EPIDEMIC OF TUBERCULOSIS

was found to cause grain to sprout 70% of the time, but the sex could not be determined. Later, Hippocrates suggested that to determine a pregnancy, a woman could drink a honey and water mixture before sleep. If abdominal distension and cramps ensued, this would indicate a pregnancy. During the middle ages, uroscopy claimed to diagnose many disorders. In a 1552 text, pregnancy urine was described as a “clear, pale, lemon color leaning toward off-white”. It was not until the twentieth century that the science behind the urine pregnancy test was

THE PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS AND NON‐ARTERITIC ANTERIOR ISCHAEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY: INCREASED VIGILANCE IS NECESSARY

© 2 0 0 7 T H E A U T H O R S J O U R N A L C O M P I L A T I O N

Is it possible to achieve anything MORE going down the LESS route

trifecta outcome is inferior to multiport robotic partial nephrectomy: comparative analysis. Eur Urol 2013 [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1016/ j.eururo.2013.10.058 25 Buffi N, Lista G, Larcher A et al. Margin, ischemia, and complications (MIC) score in partial nephrectomy: a new system for evaluating achievement of optimal outcomes in nephron-sparing surgery. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 617–8 26 Fan X, Lin T, Xu K et al. Laparoendoscopic single-site nephrectomy compared with conventional laparoscopic nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Eur Urol 2012; 62: 601–12 27 Won Lee J, Arkoncel FR, Rha KH et al. Urologic robot-assisted laparoendoscopic single-site surgery using a homemade single-port device: a single-center experience of 68 cases. J Endourol 2011; 25: 1481–5

Epstein-Barr virus infection in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma tissues.

1 Chang DF, Campbell JR. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome associated with tamsulosin. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005; 31 : 664–73 2 Lawrentschuk N, Bylsma G. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome and its relationship to tamsulosin: a urologist’s guide. BJU Int 2006; 97 : 2–4 3 Wikberg-Matsson A, Uhlen S, Wikberg JE. Characterization of α 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the eye. Exp Eye Res 2000; 70 : 51–60 4 Yu Y, Koss MC. Studies of α adrenoceptor antagonists on sympathetic mydriasis in rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2003; 19 : 255–63