Ana Cláudia Rodrigues Chibinski

In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of toothpastes with natural compounds

Objectives: This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of commercial toothpastes containing natural compounds. Materials and Methods: The study groups were divided based on the natural compound present in the toothpaste composition: Sorbitol (I), tocopherol (II), mint (III), cinnamon/mint (IV), propolis/melaleuca (V), mint/açai (VI), mint/guarana (VII), propolis (VIII), negative control (IX), and the positive control (X). The antimicrobial properties of the toothpastes were tested using the disk diffusion method against oral pathogens: Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The resulting inhibition halos were measured in millimeters. Results: The data indicated that the bacteria responded differently to the toothpastes (P < 0.0001). The diameters of the inhibition halos against S. mutans were in decreasing order of efficacy: Propolis/melaleuca > mint/guarana > mint/açai > sorbitol > tocopherol > cinnamon/mint > propolis > mint (P < 0.001 vs. negative control). E. faecalis showed variable responses to the dentifrices in the following order of decreasing efficacy: Mint/guarana > propolis > sorbitol > mint/açai > tocopherol > cinnamon/mint > mint = propolis/melaleuca = negative control. The product with the highest antimicrobial activity was mint/guarana, which was significantly different than propolis/melaleuca, mint, cinnamon/mint, and tocopherol and negative control (P < 0.001). The statistical analysis indicated that propolis, sorbitol, and mint/açai did not show any differences compared to mint/guarana (P > 0.05) and positive control (P > 0.05). P. aeruginosa was resistant to all dental gels tested including positive control. Conclusion: The toothpastes with natural compounds have therapeutic potential and need more detailed searches for the correct clinic therapeutic application. The results from this study revealed differences in the antimicrobial activities of commercial toothpastes with natural compounds.

Silver Diamine Fluoride Has Efficacy in Controlling Caries Progression in Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A systematic review was performed to evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in controlling caries progression in children when compared with active treatments or placebos. A search for randomized clinical trials that evaluate the effectiveness of SDF for caries control in children compared to active treatments or placebos with follow-ups longer than 6 months was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, and grey literature. The risk of bias tool from the Cochrane Collaboration was used for quality assessment of the studies. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Meta-analysis was performed on studies considered at low risk of bias. A total of 5,980 articles were identified. Eleven remained in the qualitative synthesis. Five studies were at “low,” 2 at “unclear,” and 4 studies at “high” risk of bias in the key domains. The studies from which the information could be extracted were included for meta-analysis. The arrestment of caries at 12 months promoted by SDF was 66% higher (95% CI 41-91%; p < 0.00001) than by other active material, but it was 154% higher (95% CI 67-85%; p < 0.00001) than by placebos. Overall, the caries arrestment was 89% higher (95% CI 49-138%; p < 0.00001) than using active materials/placebo. No heterogeneity was detected. The evidence was graded as high quality. The use of SDF is 89% more effective in controlling/arresting caries than other treatments or placebos. The quality of the evidence was graded as high.

Bone Sialoprotein, Matrix Metalloproteinases and Type I Collagen Expression after Sealing Infected Caries Dentin in Primary Teeth

The objective of this in vivo study was to compare the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9), type I collagen and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in infected dentin of primary teeth at baseline and after cavity sealing with glass ionomer cement. Dentin samples from 45 primary molars with deep and active carious lesions were collected before (baseline sample) and after cavity sealing (60-day sample). The samples were fixed, demineralized and processed for immunohistochemistry assays. Monoclonal antibodies were used for the localization of the cited antigens with an avidin-biotin method. Digital images of the sections were captured and analyzed with ImageJ software. The mean intensity of RGB channels in the images was obtained and compared using Students t test (α = 0.05). The expression of the MMPs, type I collagen and BSP increased after sealing, but statistical differences were observed only for MMP-8, type I collagen and BSP. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were more concentrated around dentin tubules; MMP-8 and collagen showed strong expression throughout the organic matrix; BSP exhibited strong expression both in the matrix and around dentin tubules. The increased expression of the enzymes investigated 60 days after cavity sealing suggests that they are not related with disease progression but with the healing process of dentin.

The influence of the lining material on the repair of the infected dentin in young permanent molars after restoration: A randomized clinical trial

Aim: This study evaluated the impact of liner material on the fluorescence, morphological and mineral characteristics of permanent carious dentin after cavity sealing. Methods: Thirty children (11.0 ± 2.7 years old) presenting at least one active deep carious lesion in permanent molars were selected. Fragments of carious dentin were removed from teeth before lining the cavity (baseline samples) with high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (G1) or an inert material (wax - G2). Cavities were restored with composite resin and reopened 60 days later, and other fragments were removed (60-day sample). The laser fluorescence (LF) readings and morphological and mineral changes of both groups were compared. Results: After 60 days, forty teeth were available for evaluation. Lower LF means were obtained (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P< 0.05), and enhanced calcium and phosphorus levels were detected for both groups (t-test, P< 0.05). An uptake of fluorine was observed only in G1 (t-test; P< 0.05). Regardless of the group, baseline samples exhibited clear signs of bacterial invasion, and the collagen fibers were exposed; the 60-day samples showed a better-organized tissue with a more compact intertubular dentin. Conclusion: Caries arrestment with dentin reorganization occurs regardless of the lining material placed in contact with the infected dentin.

Clinical, mineral and ultrastructural changes in carious dentin of primary molars after restoration

INTRODUCTION Partial caries removal has been shown to be an effective method to treat deep carious lesions in deciduous teeth. Nevertheless, the possibility of keeping infected dentin in the cavity still requires additional investigation. The objective of this research was to describe changes in primary infected dentin after restoration with glass ionomer cement. METHODS Dentin from 45 primary molars with deep and active carious lesions was evaluated using clinical and laboratory criteria, before and 60 days after restoration. The clinical analysis evaluated dentin colour (CO), dentin consistency (COS) and laser fluorescence (LF). The laboratory procedures assessed bacterial contamination and mineral content (MC), and evaluated the dentin ultrastructure and collagen content. Data on CO, COS, LF and colony forming units were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test; MC, bacterial counts and collagen evaluations were evaluated using the Students t-test. RESULTS After 60 days, lower values of LF were observed, together with a lower bacterial count, and a higher COS was found, with an increase in calcium, phosphorus and collagen contents. Differences were not detected for CO or for fluorine content. Baseline samples showed enlarged tubules with bacterial invasion; 60-day samples showed better organised tissue, with a more compact intertubular dentin and narrower tubules. CONCLUSION It is concluded that appropriate cavity sealing can promote beneficial changes in deep carious lesions of primary teeth, even in the presence of infected dentin.

Avaliação microbiológica da efetividade de uma escova antibacteriana: um estudo in vivo

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho consistiu em um estudo in vivo para avaliar microbiologicamente a efetividade de uma escova antibacteriana comparada a de uma escova convencional. METODOLOGIA: Trinta criancas de dez a 12 anos utilizaram escovas dentais convencionais e antibacterianas por dois periodos experimentais de cinco dias, com duas escovacoes diarias supervisionadas, sem dentifricio. O desenho do estudo foi cruzado com wash-out de nove dias entre as diferentes escovas. Ao termino de cada periodo, as escovas foram imediatamente imersas em solucao salina esteril e agitadas; o caldo produzido foi semeado em agar BHI, nas concentracoes de 10-2 e 10-3. Apos um periodo de incubacao de 24 horas a 37 oC em aerobiose, foi realizada a contagem das unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/mL) por meio de um software especifico. RESULTADO: No grupo de escovas convencionais, a mediana e intervalos interquartis foi de 105 (27-564,5); ja para o grupo de escovas antibacterianas, foi de 53 (4,5-333,5). Apos analise dos dados, observou-se ausencia de diferencas estatisticas entre os grupos (p = 0,145). CONCLUSAO: Concluiu-se que as escovas de dentes antibacterianas exibiram contaminacao bacteriana semelhante a das escovas de dentes convencionais.

Fluoride release and surface roughness of a new glass ionomer cement: glass carbomer

Objective: This study analyzed the fluoride release/recharge and surface roughness of glass carbomer compared to other encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GICs). Material and method: The GICs tested were Glass Fill (GC-GCP Dental), Riva Self Cure (RS-SDI), Riva Light Cure (RL-SDI), Equia Fil (EF-GC Europe). The composite resin Luna (LU-SDI) was used as control. Five samples of each material were prepared and kept in a humidifier for 24 hours (37 °C, 100% relative humidity). Fluoride release was measured in two times: before (T1: days 1, 2, 7, 14) and after topical application of fluoride (T2: days 15, 16, 21 and 28). The surface roughness was also measured in both times (T1: days 1 and 14; T2: days 15 and 28). All samples were submitted to a single topical application of acidulated fluoride phosphate (Fluor Care FGM). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey’s post-test (p <0.05) were used in the statistical analysis. Result: Equia Fil presented the highest fluoride release in both evaluation periods, with a higher release in T1 (p <0.05). The other materials tested, including glass carbomer presented similar release in both periods (T1 and T2). Regarding surface roughness, no significant differences were observed in the interaction between the material × time factors (T1 and T2) (p=0.966). Conclusion: The GICs tested presented fluoride release and recharge ability and showed no surface roughness increase by topical application of fluoride. Descriptors: Glass ionomer cements; dental materials; fluoride.

Técnica de hall em pacientes infantis: estudo de caso e acompanhamento clínico-radiográfico

A tecnica de Hall e um metodo restaurador atraumatico para molares deciduos com a utilizacao de coroas metalicas pre-fabricadas sem necessidade de preparo e remocao de dentina cariada. O selamento da cavidade obtido por meio da boa adaptacao da coroa evita a progressao da lesao cariosa e da condicoes para a resposta biologica do dente. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a Tecnica de Hall para restauracao de molares deciduos com ampla destruicao coronaria, bem como avaliar clinica e radiograficamente os elementos tratados a fim de se verificar o desempenho ao longo do tempo da referida tecnica. Apos um periodo de avaliacao de 2 meses a 3 anos, observou-se sucesso em todos os dentes restaurados pela tecnica, sem sinais clinicos ou radiograficos de patologias pulpares. Concluiu-se que a tecnica de Hall se mostrou um procedimento restaurador efetivo para dentes deciduos, mantendo a vitalidade e a funcao dos elementos dentarios tratados nos pacientes acompanhados neste estudo. Trata-se de um procedimento atraumatico, facilmente aceito pelo paciente infantil, que mostrou ser uma boa opcao para uso diario na clinica de Odontopediatria.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Impact of Erosive/AbrasiveChallenge in Glass Ionomer Cements

Cite this article: Cinthia M B d L C, Letícia M W, Gisele F D, Alessandra R, Fabiana B T A, Ana Cláudia R C et.al. In Vitro Evaluation of the Impact of Erosive/Abrasive Challenge in Glass Ionomer Cements. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 1(5)-2017. BJSTR.MS.ID.000414. DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000414 ISSN: 2574-1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000414 Ana Claudia Rodrigues Chibinski. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res

The hardness and chemical changes in demineralized primary dentin treated by fluoride and glass ionomer cement

Introducao O fluoreto desempenha importante papel no controle da carie dental. Objetivo Avaliar as trocas quimicas entre cimentos de ionomero de vidro de alta viscosidade (CIV) e dentina decidua com aplicacao de fluoreto de sodio (NaF) a 2% em alteracoes de dureza dentinaria a partir da incorporacao de calcio, fosfato e fluoreto. Material e metodo Cavidades Classe I foram preparadas em 40 molares higidos divididos em 2 grupos (n=20), de acordo com a condicao dentinaria: higida (1) e desmineralizada (2). Subgrupos (n=10) foram formados para avaliar a acao isolada do CIV ou associado com NaF (F). Este estudo in vitro avaliou as trocas quimicas sob duas condicoes: dentina higida e desmineralizada (ciclagem de pH) para simular a perda mineral que ocorre em lesoes de carie. Grupo G1 e G2 receberam restauracoes de CIV; Grupos G1F e G2F receberam NaF antes do CIV. Os especimes foram preparados para microdureza Knoop e Micro-Raman. Para analise estatistica foi utilizada Anova 2 fatores (α = 0.05). Os dados do Micro-Raman foram descritos qualitativamente. Resultado O aumento de dureza foi observado em todos os sitios de contato direto com CIV, em ambas dentinas em todos os grupos (p 0.05). Na avaliacao do Micro-Raman, o contato direto do CIV/dentina tanto higida quanto desmineralizada resultou em um aumento do pico do fosfato dentinario. Conclusao As trocas quimicas entre o CIV e dentina desmineralizada podem induzir mudancas das propriedades mecânicas do substrato e a captacao de ions minerais (fosfato) ocorre sem a influencia do NaF.