Ana Cristina Barros da Cunha

Interação professor-aluno com autismo no contexto da educação inclusiva: análise do padrão de mediação do professor com base na teoria da Experiência de Aprendizagem Mediada (Mediated Learning Experience Theory)

A inclusao da crianca com deficiencia tem sido discutida em uma diversidade de contextos e a escola e o melhor local para promover a inclusao social e educacional dessas criancas, onde a relacao professor-aluno e muito importante. Com referencia na Teoria da Experiencia de Aprendizagem Mediada, o objetivo deste estudo foi discutir sobre a pratica profissional de duas professoras e suas criancas com autismo em classes de educacao infantil. Foram feitas entrevistas com as duas professoras e foi utilizada a Escala de avaliacao da Experiencia de Aprendizagem Mediada para avaliar o padrao de interacao professor-aluno. As concepcoes sobre inclusao foram diferentes para ambas as professoras. O padrao de mediacao de ambas as professoras apresentou diferencas nos principais componentes de mediacao: Intencionalidade, Significacao e Transcendencia. A professora Marta apresentou baixos niveis (nivel 1) para todos esses componentes de mediacao mencionados, enquanto que a outra professora, Carmem, apresentou niveis 3 de mediacao em Intencionalidade, por exemplo. Conclui-se que a professora Marta apresenta comportamentos que nao favorecem a modificabilidade cognitiva estrutural da crianca. Nessa direcao, a escola deve ser capaz de qualificar o professor para promover e a inclusao social e educacional e o desenvolvimento infantil.

Avaliação cognitiva psicométrica e assistida de crianças com baixa visão moderada

The dynamic assessment, which includes an intermediate phase of mediation, can promote a more optimistic percep- tion of cognitive performance. This study analyzed the performance of 12 children, ages 5 and 9 years old, with moderate visual impairment, in the dynamic (PBFG-DV-Through Question Game for Visually Impaired Children or CATM - Children Analogical Thinking Modifiability) and psychometric (Scale Columbia Mental Maturity - EMMC) tests. In the EEMC, the median was 68; in the PBFG-DV, the cognitive profile was the winner and in the CATM, all of four preschool children had cognitive profile as winner. The types of mediation most used by the examiner were instruction and feedback information, provided at an early phase of the dynamic assessment. These were sensitive to assess and to differ those children who had low scores on psychometric test, showing their potential for learning; however we also discuss the suitable of the CATM for this population.Provas assistidas, que incluem uma fase intermediaria de mediacao, podem promover uma percepcao mais otimista do desempenho cognitivo. Este estudo analisou o desempenho de 12 criancas, com idade entre cinco e nove anos, com baixa visao moderada, em provas assistidas (Jogo de Perguntas de Busca para Criancas com Deficiencia Visual -PBFG-DV ou Children Analogical Thinking Modifiability - CATM) e uma psicometrica (Escala de Maturidade Mental Columbia - EMMC). Na EEMC, a mediana foi 68; no PBFG-DV, o perfil cognitivo foi ganhador e, no CATM, todas as quatro criancas em idade pre-escolar tiveram perfil de desempenho ganhador. Os tipos de ajuda mais utilizados pela examinadora foram a instrucao e o feedback informativo, fornecidos desde a fase inicial das provas assistidas. Estas foram sensiveis para avaliar e diferenciar essas criancas que apresentaram baixa classificacao na prova psicometrica, mostrando seu potencial de aprendizagem; porem, discute-se, ainda, a adequacao do CATM para essa populacao.

Operacionalização de escala para análise de padrão de mediação materna: um estudo com díades mãe-criança com deficiência visual

The cognitive development of children with special needs can be affected by inadequate maternal mediation patterns, due to the mothers low expectations of her childs cognitive performance, which are affected by her inadequate comprehension of her childs actual learning limitations and possibilities. Thus, it is essential to asses the mothers mediation patterns using instruments that will result in indicators enabling the analysis of mediation occurring during mother child interaction. Toward this aim, the Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) Rate Scale, elaborated by Carol Lidz in 1991, based on the Mediated Learning Experience Theory was adapted and applied. This instrument assesses adult-child interaction, focusing on the adults mediation behaviors. These behaviors can promote the building of higher expectations as well as a more appropriate mediation pattern of interaction. After translating the MLE Scale into Portuguese, 36 behavioral categories were created to analyze the mother mediation pattern in 4 levels for each of the 12 components of the MLE Scale: intentionality, meaning, transcendence, joint regard, sharing of experiences, task regulation, encouragement, challenge, psychological differentiation, contingent responsiveness, affective involvement. This adapted version was applied to 12 mother-visually impairment children (5-9 years of age) dyads; 3 domino games sessions with increasing levels of difficulty were videotaped. The results showed that the adaptation of MLE Scale was useful in the quantitative and qualitative analysis the adult-child interactions in semi-structured learning situations, corroborated by an acceptable agreement rate (77.2%).

Prática do psicólogo em intervenção precoce na saúde materno-infantil

ABSTRACT. With reference to the bio-ecological approach of humam development proposed by U. Bronfenbrenner and the assumptions of the National Humanization Policy of SUS, this article aimed to investigate the practices of early intervention in public hospitals in the Rio de Janeiro city and the role of psychologists in this type of the practice in the Maternal and Child Health area. We interviewed 10 psychologists in six high-risk pregnancy hospitals and we observed these hospitals using an observation protocol and an interview guide developed by the authors. The data revealed that there are different practices of early intervention in the institutions visited and the psychologists understood the early intervention as a work focused on maternal and child bonding, recognizing it is as a technical and professional practice that would facilitate the promotion of maternal and child health. Key words : Early Intervention; maternal and child health; psychologist performance.With reference to the bio-ecological approach of humam development proposed by U. Bronfenbrenner and the assumptions of the National Humanization Policy of SUS, this article aimed to investigate the practices of early intervention in public hospitals in the Rio de Janeiro city and the role of psychologists in this type of the practice in the Maternal and Child Health area. We interviewed 10 psychologists in six high-risk pregnancy hospitals and we observed these hospitals using an observation protocol and an interview guide developed by the authors. The data revealed that there are different practices of early intervention in the institutions visited and the psychologists understood the early intervention as a work focused on maternal and child bonding, recognizing it is as a technical and professional practice that would facilitate the promotion of maternal and child health.

Pre-Anesthetic Consultation, Stress and Preoperative Anxiety in Risk Pregnant Women

Aim: Gestational risks and elective interruption of pregnancy may result in stress and hospital anxiety. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between stress, hospital anxiety, and clinical outcomes, such as metabolic, obstetric, neonatal and puerperal results. Study design: A cohort of 42 risk pregnant women who were indicated for an elective interruption of pregnancy was investigated using the Lipp’s Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (LSSI), to evaluate stress symptoms at 35th gestational week and puerperium period; and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), to evaluate hospital anxiety at the delivery moment. All were attended in a pre-anesthetic consultation during pregnancy. The participants were recruited during 17 months at the Maternity School Hospital of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. This is a public hospital that receives patients on demand. Results: It was observed that 48.9% of patients presented stress symptoms in their 3rd trimester of pregnancy, but this rate decreased at the puerperium, when 73.8% of them were not stressed. Significant differences were found between prenatal and puerperium stress level (p>0.05). Also, 11.9% of participants presented clinical levels of hospital anxiety by the HADS applied at delivery moment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the stress level of participants was mostly related to the risk pregnancy condition and decreased after delivery. Future research must investigate the effect of pre-anesthetic consultation in hospital anxiety and its relations with gestational and post-partum outcomes.

Pica in the Pregnancy and Related Psychological Aspects

Based on a descriptive and exploratory research design, this study aimed to evaluate emotional (sings of stress, anxiety and depression) and coping indicators in seven pregnant women with diabetes and pica reporting practices. The pica reporting practices in their current pregnancies were identifi ed before they answered the following instruments for psychological evaluation: (a) Inventory of signs and symptoms of stress of Lipp (ISSL), to evaluate stress; (b) BECK Scales, BAI and BDI Inventory, to evaluate anxiety and depression; (c) Scales of Ways of Coping (EMEP), to identify coping strategies to deal with stress; (d) an Interview Guide created for this study. The pregnant women were interviewed individually and their reports were analyzed into macro-categories by the Bardin ́s methodology. Indicators of stress, anxiety and depression were found in all pregnant women, whose most reported practice was pagofagia (30.8%) and fruit with salt (30.8%). The verbal report revealed that all women had a feeling of satisfaction after the practice of pica. Given that the associations between this eating disorder and unfavorable outcomes, it is important to investigate the pica in order to propose a more effective prenatal care in improving the health of the mother-child dyad.

Concepciones Sobre la Muerte y el Luto: La Experiencia Femenina Sobre la Pérdida del Embarazo

La muerte del nino antes del nacimiento o el obito fetal representa una gran perdida para los padres y las familiares constituyendo un evento traumatizante, recordado y temido en un proximo embarazo. La involucion del embarazo pone en suspenso los suenos, las esperanzas, las expectativas y las esperas existenciales que los padres generalmente depositan en el nacimiento del nino. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la experiencia de las mujeres al enfrentar la situacion de perdida del embarazo, basandose en la investigacion de los aspectos cognitivos (percepciones y significados) y emocionales (sentimientos) relacionados. Los participantes del estudio fueron 11 mujeres hospitalizadas en el alojamiento de una maternidad publica de referencia, localizada en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Los informes verbales recogidos fueron analizados de acuerdo a la metodologia de analisis de contenido de Bardin. Se observo que el momento de la muerte fetal se caracteriza por reacciones de shock y la negacion, seguido por un estado de animo deprimido, falta de motivacion, baja autoestima y el miedo de las mujeres frente a nuevas perdidas . Se discute el apoyo de la familia y del equipo de salud como aspecto esencial para el desarrollo de la experiencia de la perdida del embarazo.The death of a child before birth (or fetal death) represents a great loss for parents and families, constituting a traumatizing, difficult-to-forget, and feared event during the next pregnancy. The complications of the pregnancy jeopardize the dreams and expectations of the parents, who have pinned all their hopes on the birth of their child. Therefore, our objective was to study how women experience and face the situation of pregnancy loss based on the investigation of its cognitive (perceptions and meanings) and emotional (feeling) aspects. We took a sample of 11 women being cared for in conjunct housing in a public maternity ward located in Rio de Janeiro. Verbal reports collected were analyzed according to Bardin’s methodology of content analysis. It was observed that the moment of fetal death is marked among the women by reactions of shock and denial, followed by a state of depressed mood, lack of motivation, low self-esteem, and fear of further losses. We discuss how the support of the family and a healthcare team are essential to the recovery from the experience of pregnancy loss.

Concepções Sobre Morte e Luto: Experiência Feminina Sobre a Perda Gestacional

La muerte del nino antes del nacimiento o el obito fetal representa una gran perdida para los padres y las familiares constituyendo un evento traumatizante, recordado y temido en un proximo embarazo. La involucion del embarazo pone en suspenso los suenos, las esperanzas, las expectativas y las esperas existenciales que los padres generalmente depositan en el nacimiento del nino. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la experiencia de las mujeres al enfrentar la situacion de perdida del embarazo, basandose en la investigacion de los aspectos cognitivos (percepciones y significados) y emocionales (sentimientos) relacionados. Los participantes del estudio fueron 11 mujeres hospitalizadas en el alojamiento de una maternidad publica de referencia, localizada en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Los informes verbales recogidos fueron analizados de acuerdo a la metodologia de analisis de contenido de Bardin. Se observo que el momento de la muerte fetal se caracteriza por reacciones de shock y la negacion, seguido por un estado de animo deprimido, falta de motivacion, baja autoestima y el miedo de las mujeres frente a nuevas perdidas . Se discute el apoyo de la familia y del equipo de salud como aspecto esencial para el desarrollo de la experiencia de la perdida del embarazo.The death of a child before birth (or fetal death) represents a great loss for parents and families, constituting a traumatizing, difficult-to-forget, and feared event during the next pregnancy. The complications of the pregnancy jeopardize the dreams and expectations of the parents, who have pinned all their hopes on the birth of their child. Therefore, our objective was to study how women experience and face the situation of pregnancy loss based on the investigation of its cognitive (perceptions and meanings) and emotional (feeling) aspects. We took a sample of 11 women being cared for in conjunct housing in a public maternity ward located in Rio de Janeiro. Verbal reports collected were analyzed according to Bardin’s methodology of content analysis. It was observed that the moment of fetal death is marked among the women by reactions of shock and denial, followed by a state of depressed mood, lack of motivation, low self-esteem, and fear of further losses. We discuss how the support of the family and a healthcare team are essential to the recovery from the experience of pregnancy loss.

Conceptions of Death and Grieving: Feminine Experience of Miscarriage

La muerte del nino antes del nacimiento o el obito fetal representa una gran perdida para los padres y las familiares constituyendo un evento traumatizante, recordado y temido en un proximo embarazo. La involucion del embarazo pone en suspenso los suenos, las esperanzas, las expectativas y las esperas existenciales que los padres generalmente depositan en el nacimiento del nino. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue estudiar la experiencia de las mujeres al enfrentar la situacion de perdida del embarazo, basandose en la investigacion de los aspectos cognitivos (percepciones y significados) y emocionales (sentimientos) relacionados. Los participantes del estudio fueron 11 mujeres hospitalizadas en el alojamiento de una maternidad publica de referencia, localizada en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Los informes verbales recogidos fueron analizados de acuerdo a la metodologia de analisis de contenido de Bardin. Se observo que el momento de la muerte fetal se caracteriza por reacciones de shock y la negacion, seguido por un estado de animo deprimido, falta de motivacion, baja autoestima y el miedo de las mujeres frente a nuevas perdidas . Se discute el apoyo de la familia y del equipo de salud como aspecto esencial para el desarrollo de la experiencia de la perdida del embarazo.The death of a child before birth (or fetal death) represents a great loss for parents and families, constituting a traumatizing, difficult-to-forget, and feared event during the next pregnancy. The complications of the pregnancy jeopardize the dreams and expectations of the parents, who have pinned all their hopes on the birth of their child. Therefore, our objective was to study how women experience and face the situation of pregnancy loss based on the investigation of its cognitive (perceptions and meanings) and emotional (feeling) aspects. We took a sample of 11 women being cared for in conjunct housing in a public maternity ward located in Rio de Janeiro. Verbal reports collected were analyzed according to Bardin’s methodology of content analysis. It was observed that the moment of fetal death is marked among the women by reactions of shock and denial, followed by a state of depressed mood, lack of motivation, low self-esteem, and fear of further losses. We discuss how the support of the family and a healthcare team are essential to the recovery from the experience of pregnancy loss.

Psychologist practice in early intervention in the maternal and child health

ABSTRACT. With reference to the bio-ecological approach of humam development proposed by U. Bronfenbrenner and the assumptions of the National Humanization Policy of SUS, this article aimed to investigate the practices of early intervention in public hospitals in the Rio de Janeiro city and the role of psychologists in this type of the practice in the Maternal and Child Health area. We interviewed 10 psychologists in six high-risk pregnancy hospitals and we observed these hospitals using an observation protocol and an interview guide developed by the authors. The data revealed that there are different practices of early intervention in the institutions visited and the psychologists understood the early intervention as a work focused on maternal and child bonding, recognizing it is as a technical and professional practice that would facilitate the promotion of maternal and child health. Key words : Early Intervention; maternal and child health; psychologist performance.With reference to the bio-ecological approach of humam development proposed by U. Bronfenbrenner and the assumptions of the National Humanization Policy of SUS, this article aimed to investigate the practices of early intervention in public hospitals in the Rio de Janeiro city and the role of psychologists in this type of the practice in the Maternal and Child Health area. We interviewed 10 psychologists in six high-risk pregnancy hospitals and we observed these hospitals using an observation protocol and an interview guide developed by the authors. The data revealed that there are different practices of early intervention in the institutions visited and the psychologists understood the early intervention as a work focused on maternal and child bonding, recognizing it is as a technical and professional practice that would facilitate the promotion of maternal and child health.