Ana Isabel Azcurra

Estado de salud bucodental de escolares residentes en localidades abastecidas con agua de consumo humano de muy alto y muy bajo contenido de fluoruros

Descrevem-se e analizam-se os resultados de uma pesquisa epidemiologica de corte transversal destinada a avaliar o estado de saude buco-dental de escolares de 6-7 e 12-13 anos, residentes em Sampacho e Portena, duas localidades da Provincia de Cordoba (Argentina), abastecidas com agua potavel contendo quantidade de F- muito diferentes. Em Sampacho o nivel de F- e de 9,05 mg/l enquanto que em Portena a concentracao e de 0,19mg/l. A proporcao de escolares (6-7 e 12-13 anos) que nao apresentaram carie foi significativamente maior em Sampacho do que em Portena, enquanto, que os indices ceo-d, ceo-s, CPO-D e CPO-S resultaram consideravelmente mais altos nesta ultima localidade. A severidade da doenca de carie nas criancas de 12-13 anos de Sampacho esteve compreendida entre as categorias baixa e moderada (CPO-D = 2,53), enquanto que em suas similares em Portena atingiu o grau de moderada e alta (CPO-D=4,41). Nao se registrou nenhum caso de fluorose dental em Portena enquanto que em Sampacho houve uma alta proporcao de criancas que apresentou fluoroses leve (6-7 anos) e leve ou intensa (12-13 anos). Os niveis salivares de calcio, fosfatos, tiocianato, proteinas totais e lg A secretora foram muito similares nos escolares de ambas localidades, e tambem entre criancas com diferentes tipos de carie e diferentes graus de gravidade de fluorose. Conclui-se ser necessaria a aplicacao de medidas sanitarias urgentes (preventivas ou curativas) para reduzir ou controlar as doencas de carie em Portena e a fluorose dental em Sampacho.Se describen y analizan los resultados de una investigacion epidemiologica de corte transversal destinada a evaluar el estado de salud bucodental en escolares de 6-7 y 12-13 anos residentes en Sampacho y Portena, dos localidades de la Provincia de Cordoba (Argentina), abastecidas con agua de bebida que poseen cantidades deF- muy diferentes. En Sampacho, el nivel de F- es de 9,05 mg/l, en tanto que en Portena la concentracion es de 0,19 mg/l. La proporcion de escolares (6-7 y 12-13 anos) que no tuvo experiencia de caries fue significativamente mayor en Sampacho que en Portena, mientras que los indices ceo-d, ceo-s, CPO-D y CPO-S resultaron considerablemente mas altos en esta ultima localidad. La severidad de la enfermedad de caries en los ninos de 12-13 anos de Sampacho estuvo comprendida entre baja y moderada (CPO-D= 2,53), en tanto que en sus similares de Portena alcanzo el grado de moderada a alta (CPO-D= 4,41). No se registro ningun caso de fluorosis dental en Portena, mientras que en Sampacho hubo una alta proporcion de ninos que presento fluorosis leve (6-7 anos) y leve o intensa (12-13 anos). Los niveles salivales de calcio, fosfatos, tiocianato, proteinas totales e Ig A secretoria fueron muy similares en los escolares de ambas localidades, y tambien entre ninos con diferente experiencia de caries y distintos grados de fluorosis dental. Se concluye que son necesarias urgentes medidas sanitarias (preventivas y/o curativas) para reducir o controlar la enfermedad de caries en Portena y la fluorosis dental en Sampacho.

Oral ecosystem alterations in celiac children: A follow-up study

OBJECTIVE The aims of this work were (1) to assess the oral health status of children with celiac disease (CD) with or without compliance with a gluten-free diet and in non-celiac children in a follow-up study and (2) to identify oral ecosystem changes that could be used as non-invasive monitoring methods for CD patients. STUDY DESIGN An 18-month follow-up study in children of both genders, who were 4-12 years old during the study period, was performed. Decayed-missing-filled in temporary (dmft) and permanent teeth (DMFT), enamel alterations, oral hygiene, and gingival index were measured. Oral smears were collected by brushing. Flow rate, calcium, phosphate, pH, buffer capacity, fluoride, and Ca/P ratio were measured in saliva. Salivary protein profiles were performed. RESULTS Most CD patients (80%) presented typical symptoms between 12 and 24 months old. Children with CD had a significantly low frequency of enamel alterations (30%) (p=0.0001). A high percentage of patients (63.15%) reported having had aphthous ulcers at several times. The celiac group showed significantly more polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in smears (20% PMNs per area, p=0.0459) than the control group (0% PMNs per area) at baseline. In CD children, 90% of the samples that showed PMNs at baseline did not present them after 18 months. However, 10% of the smears of CD patients presented PMNs at the end of this study. Compliance with the gluten-free diet was controlled to detect the maintenance or worsening of signs and symptoms during the medical controls. CONCLUSIONS The main differences amongst CD children who did or did not comply with a gluten-free diet and control children are the presence of PMNs in oral mucosa and protein salivary patterns; these findings could be considered as markers for CD, in conjunction with other signs and symptoms.

Study of virulence factor of Candida species in oral lesions and its association with potentially malignant and malignant lesions

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association between malignant and premalignant lesions and the virulence factor profile of Candida spp. recovered from different oral lesions. DESIGN Candida spp. isolated from malignant lesions (squamous cell carcinoma, OC, n = 25), atypical lichen planus (AL, n = 11), chronic candidiasis (CC, n = 25), and asymptomatic carriers (WI, n = 15, control strains.) Isolates were identified in chromogenic medium, colony morphology and biochemical tests. The lipolytic and proteinase activity was determined on supplemented agar with olive oil and BSA, respectively. The biofilm formation with XTT reduction assay and cellular surface hydrophobicity (CSH) by water-hydrocarbon method were performed. RESULTS All isolates recovered from oral lesions produced the four virulence factors studied with significantly higher levels than in WI isolates. Interestingly, lipolytic activity was absent in WI isolates. The proteolytic activity was similar in AL and OC isolates. OC isolates showed significantly higher CSH values than other clinical isolates. Non-albicans species showed higher biofilm formation than C.albicans (P = 0.03.) There were no significant differences in virulence factors among species. A strong positive correlation was found between proteinase and lipase activity (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001), and between hydrophobicity and biofilm (R = 0.81, P < 0.0001.) CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that OC Candida isolates exhibited a significant higher attributes of virulence than other lesions fungus isolates, providing evidence about the association between Candida pathogenicity and lesions severity.