Ana Laura Martins de Andrade

Photobiomodulation mechanisms in the kinetics of the wound healing process in rats

OBJECTIVES The healing process of cutaneous lesions is considered a complex event divided into distinct and overlapping phases, which responds satisfactorily to photobiomodulation (PBM). PBM is indicated as a therapeutic resource capable of assisting tissue repair. The present study aimed to analyze the kinetics of cutaneous wounds healing process after application of the GaAlAs laser for treating wounds on the dorsum of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFSCar. The animals were divided into 2 groups (n = 10); control group (CG) used 0.9% saline solution and the laser group (LG) used GaAlAs, 670 nm continuous pulse, 30 mW power, 14.28 J/cm2 energy density, irradiating 1 point per wound for 30s, totaling 15 consecutive days of treatment. Samples were collected on the 4th, 11th and 16th days for histological analysis of HE, Picrosirius-Red, immunohistochemistry (Collagen1, TNF-α, VEGF). Statistical analyzes used the one-way ANOVA test for intra and inter group evaluations, and the Tukey post-test. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The histopathological analysis (HE) showed a statistically significant difference for lower values of inflammatory infiltrate in LG versus CG on the 16th day; and for the increase of collagen in the 11th and 16th days of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the increase of VEGF on the 11th day for LG; decrease of TNF-α on the 4th and 11th day for LG, and increase of collagen type 1 on the 4th and 16th days for LG. The birefringence analysis of the percentage of collagen fibers presented on the 11th day of treatment revealed a greater quantity and significant statistical difference. Collagen fibers showed improved organization and arrangement on the 11th day for LG. CONCLUSION Our results show that PBM is effective in helping the kinetics of the cutaneous wound healing process in rats and promotes the necessary stimuli for the satisfactory evolution of healing process, ultimately leading to structurally desirable tissue.

Evaluation of the low-level laser therapy application parameters for skin burn treatment in experimental model: a systematic review

Burn is defined as a traumatic injury of thermal origin, which affects the organic tissue. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has gained great prominence as a treatment in this type of injury; however, the application parameters are still controversial in the literature. The aims of this study were to review the literature studies that use LLLT as a treatment in burns conducted in an experimental model, discuss the main parameters used, and highlight the benefits found in order to choose an appropriate therapeutic window to be applied in this type of injury. The selection of the studies related to the theme was carried out in the main databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus in the period from 2001 to 2017). Subsequently, the articles were then chosen that fell within the inclusion criteria previously established. In the end, 22 were evaluated, and the main parameters were presented. The analyzed studies presented both LLLT use in continuous and pulsed mode. Differences between the parameters used (power, fluence, and total energy) were observed. In addition, the protocols are distinct as to the type of injury and the number of treatment sessions. Among the results obtained by the authors are the improvements in the local microcirculation and cellular proliferation; however, a study reported no effects with LLLT as a treatment. LLLT is effective in accelerating the healing process. However, there is immense difficulty in establishing the most adequate protocol, due to the great discrepancy found in the applied dosimetry values.

Photobiomodulation on critical bone defects of rat calvaria: a systematic review

Bone defects following trauma represent a high impact on the quality of life of millions of people around the world. The aim of this study was to review photobiomodulation (PBM) action in the treatment of bone critical defects in rat calvaria, related to evaluation of the current protocols applied. One hundred and forty-seven articles related to the subject were found by searching the main databases (Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus) considering the period of publication until the year 2017, and only 14 corresponded the inclusion criteria established for this systematic review. The main parameters of the PBM were expressed in Table 1. In addition, it was possible to observe the use of two different wavelengths (red and infrared), which are considered therapeutic. Most of the evaluated articles presented positive results that describe a greater amount of neoformed bone, an increase in collagen synthesis, and a contribution to microvascular reestablishment. However, two studies report no effect on the repair process when the PBM was used. In addition, we observed considerable variations between the values of power, fluence, and total energy, which make it difficult to compare the results presented between the selected studies. It was possible to conclude that the infrared laser was more effective in positively stimulating the bone repair process of critical defects. Furthermore, a discrepancy was found in the parameter values used, which made it difficult to choose the best protocol for the treatment of this type of lesion.

Eficácia da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade no controle da dor neuropática em camundongos

La terapia laser de baja potencia (LLLT) ha sido ampliamente discutida en la literatura como forma alternativa de tratamiento para muchos tipos de dolor, especialmente para el neuropatico. Esa terapia se destaca por el hecho de no ser invasiva, raramente causar efectos secundarios y ser de bajo costo. En cambio, para su eficacia, es necesario que se presenten los detalles de los parametros, que todavia son muy discordantes en la literatura. Asi, este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el efecto de la LLLT, en el rango del infrarrojo, con fluidez de 30 J/cm², en el control del dolor neuropatico en modelos animales. Se utilizaron 24 ratones de la cepa suizo-albino, machos, con peso de 2530 gramos, divididos en tres grupos: Grupo Placebo (GP), Grupo Laser (GL30) y Grupo Sham (GS). Se llevo a cabo la induccion de la neuropatia por medio del modelo de constriccion cronica del nervio isquiatico y se realizo el tratamiento de la LLLT como sigue: GP con el laser con fluidez de 0 J/cm2, GL30 con fluidez de 30 J/cm2, y GS con simulacion de cirugia sin intervencion. Se realizaron las irradiaciones tres veces por semana, durante 90 dias, en el punto de compresion del nervio, utilizandose la tecnica de contacto. A efectos de evaluacion, se utilizaron la prueba de placa caliente para hiperalgesia termica y la prueba de Randall y Selitto para hiperalgesia mecanica. En los resultados del GP, observamos que no hubo mejora significativa en los dias despues de la cirugia en ninguna de las pruebas realizadas y, en el GP30, se verifico mejora significativa en ambas pruebas: desde el 30.o dia de tratamiento para la prueba de placa caliente y desde el 45.o dia para la prueba de Randall y Selitto, en que los ratones presentaron restauracion total de la sensibilidad. Concluimos, por lo tanto, que el uso de la LLLT con fluidez de 30 J/cm2 en el tratamiento del dolor neuropatico en modelos animales es efectivo.1Degree in Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 2Doctoral student from the Department of Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 3Senior professor at the Department of Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 20 Low intensity laser therapy effectiveness in controlling neuropathic pain in mice Eficácia da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade no controle da dor neuropática em camundongos Eficacia de la terapia láser de baja potencia en el control del dolor neuropático en ratones Ariane Dutra Sanchez1, Ana Laura Martins de Andrade2, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto3

Low intensity laser therapy effectiveness in controlling neuropathic pain in mice

La terapia laser de baja potencia (LLLT) ha sido ampliamente discutida en la literatura como forma alternativa de tratamiento para muchos tipos de dolor, especialmente para el neuropatico. Esa terapia se destaca por el hecho de no ser invasiva, raramente causar efectos secundarios y ser de bajo costo. En cambio, para su eficacia, es necesario que se presenten los detalles de los parametros, que todavia son muy discordantes en la literatura. Asi, este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el efecto de la LLLT, en el rango del infrarrojo, con fluidez de 30 J/cm², en el control del dolor neuropatico en modelos animales. Se utilizaron 24 ratones de la cepa suizo-albino, machos, con peso de 2530 gramos, divididos en tres grupos: Grupo Placebo (GP), Grupo Laser (GL30) y Grupo Sham (GS). Se llevo a cabo la induccion de la neuropatia por medio del modelo de constriccion cronica del nervio isquiatico y se realizo el tratamiento de la LLLT como sigue: GP con el laser con fluidez de 0 J/cm2, GL30 con fluidez de 30 J/cm2, y GS con simulacion de cirugia sin intervencion. Se realizaron las irradiaciones tres veces por semana, durante 90 dias, en el punto de compresion del nervio, utilizandose la tecnica de contacto. A efectos de evaluacion, se utilizaron la prueba de placa caliente para hiperalgesia termica y la prueba de Randall y Selitto para hiperalgesia mecanica. En los resultados del GP, observamos que no hubo mejora significativa en los dias despues de la cirugia en ninguna de las pruebas realizadas y, en el GP30, se verifico mejora significativa en ambas pruebas: desde el 30.o dia de tratamiento para la prueba de placa caliente y desde el 45.o dia para la prueba de Randall y Selitto, en que los ratones presentaron restauracion total de la sensibilidad. Concluimos, por lo tanto, que el uso de la LLLT con fluidez de 30 J/cm2 en el tratamiento del dolor neuropatico en modelos animales es efectivo.1Degree in Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 2Doctoral student from the Department of Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 3Senior professor at the Department of Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 20 Low intensity laser therapy effectiveness in controlling neuropathic pain in mice Eficácia da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade no controle da dor neuropática em camundongos Eficacia de la terapia láser de baja potencia en el control del dolor neuropático en ratones Ariane Dutra Sanchez1, Ana Laura Martins de Andrade2, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto3

Eficacia de la terapia láser de baja potencia en el control del dolor neuropático en ratones

La terapia laser de baja potencia (LLLT) ha sido ampliamente discutida en la literatura como forma alternativa de tratamiento para muchos tipos de dolor, especialmente para el neuropatico. Esa terapia se destaca por el hecho de no ser invasiva, raramente causar efectos secundarios y ser de bajo costo. En cambio, para su eficacia, es necesario que se presenten los detalles de los parametros, que todavia son muy discordantes en la literatura. Asi, este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el efecto de la LLLT, en el rango del infrarrojo, con fluidez de 30 J/cm², en el control del dolor neuropatico en modelos animales. Se utilizaron 24 ratones de la cepa suizo-albino, machos, con peso de 2530 gramos, divididos en tres grupos: Grupo Placebo (GP), Grupo Laser (GL30) y Grupo Sham (GS). Se llevo a cabo la induccion de la neuropatia por medio del modelo de constriccion cronica del nervio isquiatico y se realizo el tratamiento de la LLLT como sigue: GP con el laser con fluidez de 0 J/cm2, GL30 con fluidez de 30 J/cm2, y GS con simulacion de cirugia sin intervencion. Se realizaron las irradiaciones tres veces por semana, durante 90 dias, en el punto de compresion del nervio, utilizandose la tecnica de contacto. A efectos de evaluacion, se utilizaron la prueba de placa caliente para hiperalgesia termica y la prueba de Randall y Selitto para hiperalgesia mecanica. En los resultados del GP, observamos que no hubo mejora significativa en los dias despues de la cirugia en ninguna de las pruebas realizadas y, en el GP30, se verifico mejora significativa en ambas pruebas: desde el 30.o dia de tratamiento para la prueba de placa caliente y desde el 45.o dia para la prueba de Randall y Selitto, en que los ratones presentaron restauracion total de la sensibilidad. Concluimos, por lo tanto, que el uso de la LLLT con fluidez de 30 J/cm2 en el tratamiento del dolor neuropatico en modelos animales es efectivo.1Degree in Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 2Doctoral student from the Department of Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 3Senior professor at the Department of Physical Therapy at Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos (SP), Brasil. 20 Low intensity laser therapy effectiveness in controlling neuropathic pain in mice Eficácia da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade no controle da dor neuropática em camundongos Eficacia de la terapia láser de baja potencia en el control del dolor neuropático en ratones Ariane Dutra Sanchez1, Ana Laura Martins de Andrade2, Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto3

Alternative animal model for studies of total skin thickness burns

PURPOSE To present an alternative experimental model of third degree burn of easy reproducibility. METHODS Eighteen male Wister rats were randomly divided into three groups, 6 of which were allocated to each group. A soldering iron coupled to an aluminum plate was used to produce burn, at a temperature of 150ºC, with different exposure times per group. Group 5 (G5) animals were burned at 150°C with exposure time of 5 seconds; Group 10 (G10) the animals were burned at 150°C with exposure time of 10 seconds and group 15 (G15) the animals were burned at 150°C with exposure time of 15 seconds. RESULTS Histopathological analyzes showed that all three groups had similar morphological characteristics, with total thickness involvement. CONCLUSION The technique is effective to reproduce a third degree burn and suggests the temperature of 150ºC with 5 seconds of exposure in order to minimize the risks to the animals.