Ana Lúcia Brandimarte

O DESAFIO DA CONSERVAÇÃO DE AMBIENTES AQUÁTICOS E MANUTENÇÃO DE SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS EM ÁREAS VERDES URBANAS: O CASO DO PARQUE ESTADUAL DA CANTAREIRA

En este trabajo se aborda la presion antropogenica sobre los cuerpos de agua y su relacion con los servicios ambientales asociados a estos ambientes. Por lo tanto, toma como base la realidad observada en uno de los mas grandes fragmentos urbanos de floresta natural en el mundo, el Parque Estatal de Cantareira. Explica la relacion entre la presion antropogenica y la situacion socioeconomica de la poblacion en torno a esta unidad de conservacion integral ocupada por Floresta Atlantica. Por otra parte, llama la atencion sobre el hecho de que la proteccion de la vegetacion no siempre se traduce en la proteccion de los habitats acuaticos y la calidad del agua, perjudicando la utilizacion de los servicios ambientales legalmente permitidos.

Weight-of-Evidence-Studie zur Sedimentbelastung des Tietê River in Brasilien

Der Fluss Tier& im stidlichen Brasilien hat eine Gesamtl~inge von 1150 km und durchquert den gesamten Bundesstaat Sao Paulo. Der H6henunterschied zwischen Quelle und Mtindung betr~igt etwa 860 m und wird mittels einer Reihe wm Stauhaltungen zur Stromerzeugung genutzt. Sowohl hinsichttich seiner organischen ats auch der anorganischen Schadstofffrachten gilt der Tiet~ ats stark betastet. Bereits fi;mf Kilometer nach der Quelie beginnr die Verunreinigung des Tiet8 nnd erreicht ihren H6henpunkt in S~o Pauto. Dort gleicht der Tiet6 einem vollst~indig verschmutzren und stinkenden Abwasserkanal, m dem selbst Autos und M6belstticke umher treiben. Nach weiteren 300 km, nahe der Kleinstadt Barra Bonita, ist die Wasserqualit5t bereits deutlich verbessert.

Nitrogen and phosphorus in cascade multi-system tropical reservoirs: water and sediment

Abstract The aim of this research was to analyze the horizontal spatial heterogeneity of both water and superficial sediment quality among and within the reservoirs of the Cantareira System (CS), focusing on concentrations of N and P, attributed to the dumping of raw domestic sewage into water bodies, which is the main cause of water pollution in São Paulo State (Brazil). The CS is a multi-system complex composed of five interconnected reservoirs, with water transported by gravity through 48 km of tunnels and channels. From the last reservoir of the CS, with an output of 33 m3 s−1, the water is conducted to a water treatment plant, producing half of the water consumed by 19 million people inhabiting São Paulo city. The upstream reservoirs are more eutrophic than the downstream ones. Data also suggest that the low phytoplankton biomass (ranging from 0.9 to 14.4 μg dm−3) is regulated by the low nutrient availability, mainly of phosphorus (TP ranging from below the detection limit, <9.0 μg dm−3, to 47.3 μg dm−3). For water, the DIN/TP ratios values range from 19 to 380. The upstream reservoirs function as nutrient accumulators and the sediment is the main compartment in which P and N are stored. Although the reservoirs are located in different river basins and are not in sequence along the same river, the results suggest a marked gradient between the reservoirs, with features similar to those of cascade reservoirs. The large volumes flowing through the canals and tunnels could explain the observed pattern. The CS reservoirs can therefore be considered multi-system reservoirs in cascade, constituting a particular case of multi-system reservoirs.

Impact of damming on the Chironomidae of the upper zone of a tropical run-of-the-river reservoir

We examined the effects of the Mogi-Guaçu river damming (São Paulo State, Brazil) on the Chironomidae fauna. Pre, during, and post-filling sampling was carried out in the main channel and margins of one site in the upper zone of the reservoir, using a modified Petersen grab (325 cm2). We evaluated the total, subfamily, and tribe densities and also their relative abundance. Analysis of genera included densities, relative abundance, richness, and dominance. The Rossos ecological value index (EVI) determined the ecological importance of each genus. There was a tendency of decrease of the total Chironomidae density, increase in the percentage of Chironomini, and decrease in densities and percentages of Orthocladiinae and Tanytarsini. These changes in percentage were respectively related to Polypedilum, Lopescladius, and Rheotanytarsus, the genera with the highest EVI values. After-filling richness was lower in the margins and dominance of genera did not change significantly. Chironomidae in the margins was more sensitive to damming than in the main channel. This difference in sensibility sustains the use of Chironomidae as bioindicators. Damming impact was indicated by the reduction of both genera richness in the margins and relative abundance of groups typical of faster waters. The results have highlighted the need for multi-habitat analysis combined with a before-after sampling approach in the environmental impact studies concerning the damming impact on the benthic fauna.

Scientometric trends of freshwater benthic invertebrates studies in Brazil

Aim The aim of this paper is to analyze trends in the literature concerning benthic invertebrates in Brazil, mainly the number of published papers and approaches used. Methods The Ph.D. database of the Lattes Platform (CNPq) was used as the source of information for the period 1970-2014. We searched for the terms “benthos”, “macroinvertebrates”, and “zoobenthos” in the titles and keywords of the papers listed on the platform. Papers were classified into the following categories: Systematics, Life History, Ecology, and Divulgation. These categories were further divided into subcategories. The percentage of papers in every major category and subcategory was calculated. Results The search introduced 1,573 papers, which were mainly related to Ecology and Systematics. From 1970 to 2009, the number of papers published per decade increased exponentially, and the upward trend continues. The number of papers concerning Systematics, especially in Taxonomy, is increasing. Of the papers in Ecology category, those about Structure, Dynamics, and Distribution of the fauna have been increasing since the 1980s, and there has been an evident increase in the production of papers related to environmental damage in the last decade. The rate of production of papers concerning the role of invertebrates in ecosystems and the effects of different Spatial Scales has been increasing since the 2000s. Conclusion There is a clear tendency towards the increased continuity of paper production concerning freshwater benthic invertebrates, and relatively new approaches as Conservation and Exotic Species are becoming relevant.

Benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators of water quality in Billings Reservoir fishing sites (SP, Brazil)

Aim The Billings Reservoir is the largest reservoir in the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo and has multiple uses, including artisanal fishing. Its surroundings present intense occupation, resulting in various environmental impacts. Although the water is degraded, affecting the composition and quality of the fish, this reservoir supports artisanal fishermen who survive through this activity. This study aimed to analyze the water quality in the main sites of artisanal fishing activity, with an emphasis on the benthic community as a bioindicator. Methods Three sampling sites were selected, in which water and zoobenthos samples were collected monthly from April 2012 to March 2013. Water analyses consisted of the determination of pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and trophic state as well as a principal components analysis. The zoobenthos analysis consisted of determining the relative abundance and total density of taxa, the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, taxa richness, uniformity, Simpson’s dominance index, and the benthic community index and conducting a canonical correspondence analysis. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test were used to investigate the existence of significant differences in the abiotic and biotic variables among the sites. Results The studied sites showed a high degree of eutrophication, with nitrogen and phosphorus totals levels above the limits defined by current Brazilian legislation. Taquacetuba (P1) showed the best environmental conditions for the development of fishing activity, with the presence of sensitive organisms (Polymitarcyidae) and higher levels of dissolved oxygen. Alvarenga (P2) had the worst water quality, with a predominance of tolerant organisms (Oligochaeta) and lower levels of dissolved oxygen. Conclusion In conclusion, the benthic community in association with abiotic metrics proved to be a useful tool as a bioindicator of environmental conditions, indicating that fishing activity at Alvarenga is not recommended due to the degradation of water quality.