Ana Maria Cheble Bahia Braga

PCDD/F-contamination in a hexachlorocyclohexane waste site in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

In the 1950s, a production plant of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was established in Brazil with the main purpose of producing chemicals for vectors control. This factory was closed down in 1955 and around 300 tons of production residues were left behind in the open air. In 1995, the area was treated with lime to eliminate the HCH contamination. Soil sample gave a PCDD/F concentration of 13,900 ng I-TEQ/kg whereas samples from the neighborhood ranged from 0.19 to 2.08 ng I-TEQ/kg. PCDD/F levels in cows milk samples varied from 4.1 to 6.5 pg I-TEQ/g of milk fat. High concentration in soil collected from the site suggests that treatment and recovery shall be made. Further dioxin monitoring is needed to better estimate the risk posed to local population through food consumption and soil usage.

Evolução da saúde do trabalhador na perícia médica previdenciária no Brasil

In order to analyze the practice of the social security medical examination starting from the introduction of the workers health paradigms, data was gathered on the granting of social security disability benefits to assess worker illness based on notification of work-related accidents in the cement industries of Rio de Janeiro. From 2007 to 2009 there was only one notification, which involved a worker handling toxic waste instead of the energy matrix. However, the analysis revealed sources and mechanisms of illness overlooked in the social security medical examination, which is still focused on the one-cause-only logic of occupational medicine. To achieve the workers health paradigms, changes are required to alter the way of conducting the social security medical examination, by re-establishing partnerships, training human resources, adopting epidemiological indicators, as well as setting and assessing social security goals that transcend the mere granting of disability benefits.

Comparison of the nutritional and toxicological reference values of trace elements in edible marine fish species consumed by the population in Rio De Janeiro State, Brazil

The present study estimated the human daily and weekly intake of inorganic elements due to consumption of fish in Rio de Janeiro state and the associated potential health risks posed by some toxic elements. All samples analyzed had values of Cd and Pb below the Maximum Tolerable Limits of 3.0 mg kg−1 for Pb and 1.0 mg kg−1 for Cd; only Mugil cephalus, Cynoscion leiarchus and Caranx crysos had As concentrations below 1 mg kg−1, maximum limit established by Brazilian legislation. The higher values of Cd and Pb correspond to 0.22% of PTWI and the higher value of As corresponds to 8.6% of PTWI. None of the studied species showed values higher than PTWI. The higher values of Cu EDI found in Pomatomus numida correspond to 33.3% of RDA; Fe in Salmo salar and Genypterus brasiliensis corresponds to 4.3% of EDI; Mn in Sardinella brasiliensis corresponds to 7.4% of EDI; Zn in S. salar corresponds to 13.2% of EDI and Se in S. salar corresponds to 20.6% of EDI. Some species can be a good source of inorganic elements. For risk assessment, it is important to assess specific eating habits of each region to avoid underestimating the data.

Trabalho e saúde: a atividade da queima de resíduos tóxicos em fornos de cimenteiras de Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro

This study analyzes the work and health conditions through the discourse of the employees involved in the activity of toxic waste co-processing in cement kilns in Cantagalo, RJ. A qualitative approach was adopted using a semi-structured interview with 13 individuals. After analyzing the discourse, it was possible to observe relevant failures in the work process planning, in the identification of risks, in preventing diseases, in monitoring health impacts and to the environment, even their identification and notification to the competent authorities. The assimilation of the uncertainties of the process, favoring the interests of the entrepreneurs, has passed on the workers the burden of illness, rendered acceptable in that they deny clinical evidences. It is imperative to establish a broad debate involving public and private entities, the society in all its representations, confronting ethical, environmental and health issues to the interests of capital in order to set new guidelines for the process.

O conceito de biossegurança à luz da ciência pós-normal: avanços e perspectivas para a saúde coletiva

This is a theoretical-conceptual study that aims to analyse the limitations of the concept of biosafety in light of post-normal science. It intends to contribute to the discussion about the controversies that are associated with biosafety. The presupposition is that the notion of biosafety relies on a technicist approach to risk that does not answer properly the current questions. As the main purpose of biosafety is to protect health and the environment, it is necessary to replace the reductionist perspective of traditional science, in which the notion of biosafety was conceived, by a wide approach: post-normal science. This perspective emphasizes the notions of uncertainty, complexity and quality and takes into account the plurality of social actors and interests involved in the complex environmental and health problems. The study concludes that understanding the concept of biosafety in light of post-normal science implies a fundamental modification, mainly regarding collective health: the substitution of a technicist omnipotent discourse for a dialogue between the different social actors involved in the environmental and health questions.

Formação em saúde do trabalhador e saúde ambiental: avaliação de experiência com atores locais

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a experiencia de formacao em saude do trabalhador e saude ambiental em base territorial local, adotando como materia principal de interpretacao as avaliacoes dos proprios trabalhadores. Por meio da tecnica de analise de conteudo, chegou-se a duas categorias empiricas de analise, sendo a primeira a interdisciplinaridade e construcao coletiva do conhecimento, e a segunda, a intersetorialidade e os saberes advindos da pratica. Ao final, constataram-se elementos formativos, de carater critico, que contribuem para a emancipacao dos atores locais e as acoes de politicas publicas integradas.

Chlorophenols in tap water from wells and surface sources in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: method validation and analysis

Two analytical methods were validated for determination of trichlorophenols, tetrachlorophenols and pentachlorophenol in drinking water. Limits of quantification were at least ten times lower than maximum permissible levels set by the Brazilian legislation, which are 200 ng mL-1 for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 9 ng mL-1 for pentachlorophenol. Chlorophenol levels were determined in tap water collected in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol residues were detected in 36% of the samples, varying from 0.008 to 0.238 ng mL-1. All other analytes were below the limit of quantification. The validated methods showed to be suitable for application in routine quality control.