Ana Maria Gondim Valença

Controle operacional da fluoretação da água de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational control of water fluoridation atthe city water supply plant in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from January to December 2000.The water treatment supervisor filled out a questionnaire on the control of water fluoridation.In addition, water samples were collected every two weeks for fluoride analysis before and aftertreatment. Samples were analyzed by an independent laboratory using an ion-specific electrode.According to the water treatment supervisor, the entire process for controlling fluoride concen-tration in the water was rigorous and complied with Brazilian guidelines, but according to test-ing, 96% of samples were inadequate in terms of risks/benefits of fluoride use from water. The in-formation obtained from the plant supervisor and the test data were thus mutually inconsistent.Based on these data, an independent water fluoride concentration control program is needed toensure the benefits of dental caries prevention for the population.

Social capital and dental pain in Brazilian northeast: a multilevel cross-sectional study

BackgroundThere is limited evidence on possible associations between social determinants and dental pain. This study investigated the relationship of neighborhood and individual social capital with dental pain in adolescents, adults and the elderly.MethodsA population-based multilevel study was conducted involving 624 subjects from 3 age groups: 15–19, 35–44 and 65–74 years. They were randomly selected from 30 census tracts in three cities in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. A two-stage cluster sampling was used considering census tracts and households as sampling units. The outcome of study was the presence of dental pain in the last 6 months. Information on dental pain, demographic, socio-economic, health-related behaviors, use of dental services, self-perceived oral health and social capital measures was collected through interviews. Participants underwent a clinical examination for assessment of dental caries. Neighborhood social capital was evaluated using aggregated measures of social trust, social control, empowerment, political efficacy and neighborhood safety. Individual social capital assessment included bonding and bridging social capital. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test the relationship of neighborhood and individual social capital with dental pain after sequential adjustment for covariates.ResultsIndividuals living in neighborhoods with high social capital were 52% less likely to report dental pain than those living in neighborhoods with low social capital (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.85). Bonding social capital (positive interaction) was independently associated with dental pain (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.91). Last dental visit, self-perceived oral health and number of decayed teeth were also significantly associated with dental pain.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that contextual and individual social capital are independently associated with dental pain.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of mouth washes and herbal products against dental biofilm-forming bacteria

Aim: To evaluate in vitro, the antimicrobial effect of Cymbopogon citrates (lemon grass), Plectranthusamboinicus (Mexican mint) and Conyzabonariensis (hairy fleabane) tinctures as well as pure and diluted commercial mouth washes (Malvatricin®, Periogard® and Listerine®) on wild isolates of Streptococcusmutans and reference strains of S. mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobacillus casei by determination of minimum inhibitory dilution (MID). Materials and Methods: 0.12% chlorhexidine and 70% corn alcohol were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Saliva samples were collected from 3 volunteers and seeded in MSB broth to obtain Streptococcus isolates after 72-hour incubation. Using the agar diffusion method, susceptibility tests were performed with overnight incubation in microaerophilia at 37°C. All tests were performed in duplicate. Results: The bacterial species were resistant to the tinctures and Listerine®, but were susceptible to 0.12% chlorhexidine, Malvatricin® and Periogard®, with MIDs ranging from 12.5% to 1.56%. Conclusions: Plectrantusamboinicus, Conyzabonariensis and Cymbopongoncitratus tinctures and Listerine® did not show inhibitory action against the tested biofilm-forming bacteria.

Atividade antimicrobiana de produtos fluoretados sobre bacterias formadoras do biofilme dentario: estudo in vitro

Objective: To evaluate the anti microbial acti vity of fl uoridated products on reference strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis and Lactobaci...

Avaliação do sistema de referência e contrarreferência do estado da Paraíba segundo os profissionais da Atenção Básica no contexto do 1º ciclo de Avaliação Externa do PMAQ-AB

Este trabalho objetiva caracterizar a organizacao, a articulacao e a assistencia da rede de atencao a saude no estado da Paraiba, com base nos dados do 1o ciclo de Avaliacao Externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atencao Basica (PMAQ-AB). Realizou-se um estudo do tipo transversal, cujos dados foram analisados descritivamente por meio de valores absolutos e respectivos percentuais. Concluiu-se que existem fragilidades na integracao da rede de atencao a saude na Paraiba em relacao ao ordenamento e definicao do fluxo, em especial na contrarreferencia, fato que pode comprometer a integralidade e o papel da Atencao Basica de coordenar o cuidado e ordenar as redes.

Relationship between childhood underweight and dental crowding in deciduous teething

Objective: To investigate the relationship between low anthropometric indices and dental crowding in deciduous teething. Methods: We assessed 794 children from 3 to 5 years old, both boys and girls, enrolled in public preschools in the city of Sao Luis, state of Maranhao, Brazil. Single-stage cluster sampling was used. This is a cross-sectional study, including the administration of a questionnaire, evaluation of dental occlusion and anthropometric assessment. Dental crowding,whichischaracterizedbylackofspacefortheeruptionofteethinthelineofthealveolarcrest,isthedependent variable. Weight-for-age (W/A) and height-for-age (H/A) indices were used for anthropometric assessments. Multivariatelogisticregressionanalysisanddescriptiveanalysisofthevariableswereused.Associationswereestimated using odds ratio (OR), and the statistical inference was based on confidence intervals (95%CI). Type I error was set at 5% (alpha = 5%). Results: The association between low anthropometric measures and dental crowding was statistically significant only when considering the W/A index and among those children who did not use pacifiers. We found 2.19 children with dental crowding and malnutrition for each children without dental crowding and with malnutrition (OR = 2.19; 95%CI 1.19-4.04).

Edentulismo, Uso e Necessidade de Prótese e Fatores Associados em Município do Nordeste Brasileiro

Resumen pt: Introducao: No Brasil, a populacao idosa cresce com o aumento da expectativa de vida constituindo uma responsabilidade para os gestores publicos na persp...

Enhancing Collaboration on a Cloud-Based CVE for Supporting Surgical Education

In recent decades, a greater number of Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) have been developed and sought for collaborative training of medical personnel in VR. Observing the needs identified in the literature, a multidisciplinary team developed a collaborative simulator for education and assessment of student groups in basic surgical routines, called SimCEC. The system was developed according to a strict methodology of design. Considering important needs with regard to storage guarantee, consistency and availability of the CVE, SimCEC was recently added by a cloud data distribution architecture for managing multiple virtual rooms for training of student teams, enabling collaboration among different areas of health. This paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of such tool, as well as its advantages and the new possibilities offered for surgical education area.

In vitro enamel erosion and abrasion-inhibiting effect of different fluoride varnishes

OBJECTIVE To investigate the erosion and abrasion inhibiting effect of CPP-ACP/NaF and xylitol/NaF varnishes. METHODS Bovine enamel samples (n=40) were exposed to the following treatments (n=10): NaF varnish (Duraphat®, positive control); CPP-ACP/NaF varnish (MI varnishTM); xylitol/NaF (Profluorid®) or distilled and deionized water (MilliQ®, negative control). The samples were submitted for 3days to 4 cycles/day of erosion (5min in Sprite Zero) and 2 cycles of abrasion/day after the first and last erosive challenge, with a toothbrush machine and slurries of a placebo toothpaste for 15s (50 strokes/s). Among the cycles and after the last daily cycle, the specimens remained in artificial saliva. The change in the enamel surface was evaluated by using 3D non-contact optical profilometry with surface roughness (Ra and Sa values) and tooth structure loss (TSL) measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessed the enamel topographic characteristics. Differences in the Ra, Sa and TSL among treatments were tested using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. RESULTS All varnishes promoted better results for Ra and Sa values than the negative control (p=0.0001), without difference among them (p>0.05). However, CPP-ACP/NaF varnish stimulated fewer TSL (7.09±0.70μm) compared to NaF varnish (10.33±1.36μm, p=0.002), xylitol/NaF varnish (9.96±0.41μm, p=0.007) and the negative control (18.38±3.32μm, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION A single-application of fluoride topical varnishes was effective in reducing enamel wear. The CPP-ACP/NaF varnish had the best effect against enamel loss from an erosion-abrasion challenge.

The relationship between neighborhood empowerment and dental caries experience: a multilevel study in adolescents and adults

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of contextual social capital (neighborhood empowerment) and individual social capital (social support and social network) with dental caries experience in adolescents and adults. METHODS A population-based multilevel study was conducted involving 573 subjects, 15-19 and 35-44 years of age, from 30 census tracts in three cities of Paraíba, Brazil. A two-stage cluster sampling was used considering census tracts and households as sampling units. Caries experience was assessed using the DMFT index (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and participants were divided into two groups according to the median of the DMFT index in low and high caries experience. Demographic, socioeconomic, behaviors, use of dental services and social capital measures were collected through interviews. Neighborhood empowerment was obtained from the mean scores of the residents in each census tract. Multilevel multivariate logistic regression was used to test the relationship between neighborhood empowerment and caries experience. RESULTS High caries experience was inversely associated with neighborhood empowerment (OR = 0.58; 95%CI 0.33-0.99). Individual social capital was not associated with caries experience. Other associated factors with caries experience were age (OR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.12-1.18) and being a female (OR = 1.72; 95%CI 1.08-2.73). CONCLUSION The association between neighborhood empowerment and caries experience suggests that the perception of features of the place of residence should be taken into account in actions of oral health promotion.