Ana Paula da Silva

Estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em cães com atrofia muscular induzida

Low frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was used on the femoral quadriceps of dogs with induced muscular atrophy and the occurrence of gain in mass in these muscles was evaluated. Eight dogs from 15 to 30kg were randomly distributed in two groups named I, or control; and II, or treated. For the induction of muscular atrophy, the left femoral-tibial-patellar joint was immobilized for 30 days by percutaneous transfixation type II. After 30 days, the immobilization device was removed. The NMES treatment began 48 hours after the removal of the immobilization device of the dogs of group II, and it was carried out five times per week with an interval of 24 hours between each session, for 60 days. The following parameters were measured: thigh circumference, goniometry of the knee, clinical gait analysis, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes, and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle collected through muscular biopsy. The NMES was applied on the femoral quadriceps at a frequency of 50 Hz, with pulse duration of 300 milliseconds, and the on/off time was at a proportion of 1:2. Regarding the morphometry of the vastus lateralis fibers, a significant increase (P<0.05) in the transversal area of the treated group at 90 days was observed when compared with that identified at the time of immobilization. Thus, it can be concluded that low frequency NMES brings about hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after temporary rigid immobilization of the knee joint.Low frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was used on the femoral quadriceps of dogs with induced muscular atrophy and the occurrence of gain in mass in these muscles was evaluated. Eight dogs from 15 to 30kg were randomly distributed in two groups named I, or control; and II, or treated. For the induction of muscular atrophy, the left femoral-tibial-patellar joint was immobilized for 30 days by percutaneous transfixation type II. After 30 days, the immobilization device was removed. The NMES treatment began 48 hours after the removal of the immobilization device of the dogs of group II, and it was carried out five times per week with an interval of 24 hours between each session, for 60 days. The following parameters were measured: thigh circumference, goniometry of the knee, clinical gait analysis, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes, and morphometry of the muscular fibers in transversal cuts of the vastus lateralis muscle collected through muscular biopsy. The NMES was applied on the femoral quadriceps at a frequency of 50 Hz, with pulse duration of 300 milliseconds, and the on/off time was at a proportion of 1:2. Regarding the morphometry of the vastus lateralis fibers, a significant increase (P<0.05) in the transversal area of the treated group at 90 days was observed when compared with that identified at the time of immobilization. Thus, it can be concluded that low frequency NMES brings about hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs after temporary rigid immobilization of the knee joint.

Susbtituição do ligamento cruzado cranial por segmento teno-ósseo homólogo conservado em glicerina a 98%: estudo experimental em cães

In the present study, homologue bone-tendon implants conserved in 98% glycerin were used in the restoration of the cranial cruciate ligament in 24 adult dogs weighing between 15 and 30 kg. The implants were placed in a stratified layer prepared in the femur and the tibia and anchored with polyester filament fastened to the distal and proximal extremities of these bones, respectively. The knee joint was immobilized for a period of 30 days. The animals were distributed into two groups for radiographic, macroscopic and histological evaluation of the implant at 60 days after the operation for group B and at 90 days for group A. There was no evidence in any of the dogs of fragility of the implant, nor radiographic or macroscopic evidence of joint degeneration up to 90 days post-operative.

Estimulação elétrica neuromuscular em cães submetidos à imobilização rígida temporária da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar

This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of low frequency on the vastus lateralis muscle. Eleven dogs were randomly placed in 3 groups: I (control), II (NMES post immobilization), and III (NMES during and post immobilization). The right femoral-tibial-patellar joint was immobilized for 30 days by the percutaneous transfixation type II method. The dogs from group III were placed on electrotherapy 3 times a week during (30 days) and post-immobilization (60 days) and the dogs from group II post-removal of the temporary rigid immobilization. The parameters evaluated consisted of: measurement of thigh circumference, joint motion using a goniometer, gait analysis, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and morphometry of the longitudinal muscle fibers of vastus lateralis muscle. The gait analysis was performed daily and the circumference of the thigh, joint motion, and muscle biopsy were performed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 post-immobilization. The blood samples for CK and AST were collected before and immediately after 6, 24 and 48 hours post-NMES on days 0, 1, 7, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90. The NMES was employed on the femoral quadriceps muscle group with a frequency of 50Hz post-duration of 300msec on an on-time/off-time ratio of 1:2. There was no significant difference on the gait analysis, thigh circumference, joint motion, and CK and AST values. The greatest hypertrophy change was observed on longitudinal fibers of the dogs from group II (P=0.0005), followed by the dogs from group III. NMES of low frequency causes hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis muscle in dogs post-temporary immobilization of the stifle joint, recommending its use in animals with muscular atrophy.

Parasitismo por Calodium hepaticum em dois cães

Calodium hepaticum has been reported as a parasite of the hepatic parenchyma of many mammal species, but it is not frequent in dogs. The present article aimed to describe two cases of hepatic capillariasis in dogs, diagnosed in a period of one month, in e Santa Maria city, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil . The first dog presented clinical sintomathology of cardiac insufficiency and Calodium hepaticum eggs were occasionally found by histopathological examination of the liver. The second animal presented icteric mucous membranes and ascites. The hemogram revealed non-regenerative anaemia and in the biochemistry serum were observed elevation of alkaline phosphatase, alanina aminotransferase and hypoalbuminemia. The cavitary liquid analysis was compatible with modified transudate. In the histopathological examination, numerous bioperculated eggs of Calodium hepaticum were observed aleatorily distributed in the hepatic parenchyma, with granulomatous and fibrous reaction adjacent to the eggs. The occurrence of two cases in a short period of time suggests that other dogs may be infected and requires a rodent population control.

Epilepsia em cães: 66 casos (2005-2010)

The objective of this study was to identify dogs with epilepsy and to obtain information about breed, sex, age, classification of the epilepsy and the seizures, as well as the stage and time of occurrence of the seizures. Epilepsy was primary in 66.7% (44/66) of dogs, symptomatic in 21.2% (14/66), and probably symptomatic in 12.1% (8/66). Crossbred dogs (27%) were the most affected and the predominant age group ranged from one to five years; the generalized tonic-clonic seizures (66.7%) was the most frequent presentation. The search for the owner (72.7%) during the preictal period and the compulsive walking (60.5%) in post-ictal period were the more frequent signs observed in the affected dogs, and the occurrence of seizures was higher at night (79.2%).

Suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus spp. isolados de cães com pioderma superficial

A total of 154 samples of skin lesions were obtained from dogs with superficial pyoderma that were assisted by the Veterinary Dermatology Service at the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), aiming to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. isolates and evaluate the presence of multidrug resistance profile. After bacterial isolation and identification, the strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and the results showed lower percentages of resistance to the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid association (1.9%), cefadroxil (1.9%), cephalexin (1.9%) and vancomycin (0.6%). The highest percentages were towards amoxicillin (60.4%) and penicillin G (60.4%). The multidrug resistance was detected in 23.4% and the methicillin resistance in 5.8% of the samples. It may be concluded that the Staphylococcus spp. isolates present high susceptibility to key antimicrobials used in the treatment of superficial pyodermas in dogs at the HVU-UFSM, such as cephalexin and the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid association, confirming the preference for these drugs when treating dogs with this disorder. The susceptibility of the strains to fluoroquinolones, also recommended in the literature for the treatment of pyodermas, allows suggesting that such drugs should not be considered in the empirical selection. The identification of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the studied canine population justifies periodic and regional bacteriological tests of skin lesions in dogs with superficial pyoderma, possible therapeutic failures and also motivates wise use of antimicrobial therapy.