Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder

Organismos edáficos como bioindicadores da recuperação de solos degradados por arenização no Bioma Pampa

Edaphic organisms are sensible to environment alterations and have been used as indicators of soil quality changes. These modifications can be promoted by degradation or agradation events. The study area is located in Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul. It was analyzed the role of epigeic soil fauna as bioindicator of soil degradation by arenizacao and its restoration by revegetation with Lupinus albescens Hook. & Arn., a native fabaceous of Bioma Pampa. The treatments were constituted of soil under natural covering with Lupinus albescens, degraded area recovered with Lupinus albescens by one year (T1), degraded area recovered with Lupinus albescens by three years (T3), degraded area (SA) and native grass field (CN). The sampling was made in February and May of 2006 with PROVID traps. It was determined the abundance of organisms at Order level, the organisms richness, the diversity and evenness Shannon’ index. The process of Arenizacao reduced the development of sampled edaphic populations, while revegetation showed positive effects in the recolonization of the area. Colembolla group was a good bioindicator of degradation and restoration effects. The Shannon diversity index was not satisfactory to evaluate the edaphic fauna if disconnected of other parameters.

Desenvolvimento do Pinus elliottii e do Eucalyptus tereticornis consorciado com plantas de cobertura, em solos degradados por arenização

Exotic forest species have been used for soil reclamation, as well as helping in the control of water and wind erosion. In the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, the Pinus elliotii Engelm. and the Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm., were tested with the objective of evaluating the growth of these species and testing its capacity for reducing the arenization process. The treatments consisted of planting the two species on the degraded soil by arenization (DS), on the native grassfield (C), on the native grassfield associated with cover crops (C + PC) and on the degraded soil associated with cover crops (DS + PC). As cover crops were tested the black oat (Avena strigosa Schieb.) and a Lupinus native from the southern grassfields ecosystem, the Lupinus albescens H. et Arn.. The plants survival rate, height, basal diameter and the productivity factor of the forest species were obtained in the thirty days, six months and twelve months after planting. The experiment was conduced in completely randomized design, and results submited to Duncan test, in level of 5% error probability. In relation to initial survival, only pine presented significative differences, with lesser percentual in the treatment C+PC. Results showed that Eucalyptus benefited from the consortium with cover crops, while pine presented greater sensibility to interespecific competition.

ANÁLISE DE AGRUPAMENTOS EM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL DECIDUAL

This study intended to analyze the presence of clusters in the vegetation of Seasonal Deciduous Forest

Espaçamento entre linhas e densidade de semeadura em revegetação com espécie de tremoço visando à recuperação de solo degradado

The soil degradation by sandization in the Southwest of Rio Grande do Sul needs to be controlled and, therefore, revegetation is an efficient and low cost technique. The possibility to use a native species from this region for such control measures appears as a viable alternative in economical and ecological terms. The objective of this study was to test the more efficient way to crop Lupinus albescens Hook. & Arn., a native local plant, aiming sandization contention. The experiment was carried out in a degraded area located in Alegrete, RS, Southern Brazil. The treatments were spaced at a distance of 17, 34 and 51cm between rows plantation and number of plants by linear meter (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 plants in each linear meter). The analyzed parameters were canopy biomass production, macronutrients in canopy biomass, seed production, weight and number of root nodules responsible by biological nitrogen fixation. The analysis of variance analysis was performed and there was no interaction between the factors. The row space produced significant variation for several variables, except for accumulated P in the canopy biomass. The number of plants by linear meter did not interfere on the characteristics analyzed. For the row space, the analysis of variance was complemented by regression analysis and the value for each analyzed characteristic, estimated by mathematical models. The row space of 17cm favored the production and macronutrients accumulation in canopy biomass, besides the weight of FBN nodules. Row space of 51cm was most efficient for seeds production. It was concluded that for crops that aims contention of sandization, row space of 17cm is more efficient, while for crops that aims to produce seeds, row space of 51cm is better.

Potential medicinal use of forest species of the Deciduous Seasonal Forest from Atlantic Forest Biome, South Brazil

The current paper focuses on potential medicinal use of forest species from Deciduous Seasonal Forest in central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, South Brazil. Floristic and phytosociological surveys were carried out in 2011 and 2012. Results were compared with the available information in scientific literature about popular knowledge and biological/pharmacological evidences. Each species was classified in use categories to diseases, symptoms our disorders based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). In 2011, we found a total of 31 species, 77,4% of them with medicinal use. In 2012, we found 33 species,72,7% of them with medicinal use. The species most frequently mentioned were Casearia sylvestris, Eugenia uniflora, Cabralea canjerana, Luehea divaricata, Parapiptadenia rigida and Vitex megapotamica. The main species with biological/pharmacological properties were C. sylvestris, E. uniflora, L. divaricata, V. megapotamica and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium. We concluded that there is a considerable potential for medicinal purposes to forest species from Deciduous Seasonal Forest in the study region. We recommend further studies mainly about the species Prunus myrtifolia, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Cabralea canjerana and Casearia sylvestris which presented references to antitumoral properties.

Compreensão e aplicabilidade do conceito de solo florestal

O setor florestal desempenha um papel importante no contexto socioeconomico e ambiental brasileiro, por isso o avanco no conhecimento sobre os solos florestais torna-se essencial para o uso sustentavel dos recursos naturais, seja como base de conservacao do patrimonio natural ou como recurso para o desenvolvimento economico. Solo florestal pode ser definido como aquele cuja pedogenese esta associada a influencia de uma tipologia florestal ou o que apresenta uma cobertura de floresta natural ou plantada. Diferenciar solos florestais daqueles ocupados com outros usos auxilia na compreensao das possiveis alteracoes relacionadas a cobertura vegetal e no desenvolvimento de melhores estrategias de manejo para o uso do solo e da floresta. No entanto, ainda nao ha um consenso em torno do termo, uma vez que o solo apresenta variacoes de acordo com as caracteristicas da floresta, estimulando a discussao relativa a sua interpretacao e aplicabilidade. A presente revisao de literatura tem por objetivo analisar a utilizacao do conceito de solo florestal, ressaltando caracteristicas de diferenciacao e sua relacao com o tipo de cobertura, natural ou plantada. Aspectos relativos a deposicao, qualidade e manejo de residuos, ciclagem de nutrientes, compactacao e produtividade de sitio sao enfatizados. Conclui-se que o conceito de solo florestal e amplamente utilizado na literatura especifica e util para o levantamento de informacoes e de planejamento sustentavel de uso do solo e da floresta. A melhoria do conhecimento sobre esse recurso abre a possibilidade de se criar uma identidade comum, o que facilita estudos comparativos de caracteristicas especificas, fortalecendo a pesquisa em torno do tema.

Pollen Viability and Autogamy Fitness in Bauhinia forficata Link (Fabaceae)

Bauhinia forficata (Fabaceae) occurs in many phytophysiognomies of southern Brazil, however its ecological relevance is not well understood. The present study was developed in the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul and aimed to determine variations in pollen viability along flowering, ability to perform autogamy and dye efficiency for the viability test. Pollen viability was determined by colorimetry as well as the ability to perform autogamy by isolating floral buds, being evaluated in eleven matrices. Average pollen viability was 81.43%, with the highest average value obtained with the dye 2,3,5Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) (84.11%). Safranin was not a good indicator at the tested concentration. No correlation was found between pollen viability and flowering time. The species demonstrated an inability to perform autogamy.

IMPACT OF Bambusa tuldoides MUNRO (POACEAE) ON FOREST REGENERATION

(CB). In 2014, ten plots (10x10 m) were installed in each area. All individuals belonging to classes I (30≤ H <130 cm) and II (CBH≤5 cm) were measured and identified. Floristic composition, phytosociological indexes, Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness, Simpson dominance, Sorensen similarity, and cluster analysis by Twinspan were evaluated. Richness and absolute density decreased in CB compared to SB. The areas presented low floristic similarity, and high dominance of one or more species in both classes. Myrtaceae was the predominant botanic family in SB, especially

Padrão de distribuição e estrutura populacional de Escallonia bifida Link & Otto em área em vias de restauração no RS

A distribuicao populacional das especies florestais e um importante subsidio para o entendimento da estrutura da floresta, e seu manejo economico e conservacionista. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho e o estudo da estrutura populacional da especie nativa Escallonia bifida Link & Otto, em area em vias de restauracao na regiao central do RS. Foram amostrados todos os individuos da especie presentes na classe regenerativa e arborea nos anos de 2011 e 2012. Para avaliacao da classe arborea foram implantadas 16 parcelas de 10 x 10 m (Classe III) e 64 subparcelas de 5 x 5 m (Classe II) e para a regeneracao 64 subparcelas de 5 x 5 m (Classe I). Na classe III foram medidos individuos de CAP ≥ 15 cm, na classe II individuos de 5,1 ≥ CAP ≤ 14,9 cm e classe I: 1 ≤ CAP ≥ 5 cm. Na avaliacao da estrutura populacional foram analisados os parâmetros fitossociologicos, a distribuicao espacial atraves do indice de Morisita e a distribuicao diametrica. A populacao de Escallonia bifida apresentou diminuicao na frequencia, densidade, valor de cobertura e importância de 2011 para 2012 e comportamento agregado. A distribuicao diametrica dos individuos apresentou modificacoes estruturais de 2011 para 2012, o que pode ser indicativo de mudancas sucessionais no fragmento em estudo.

INFLUÊNCIA DOS FATORES AMBIENTAIS NO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO DE FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS EM SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA - RIO GRANDE DO SUL

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral caracterizar a influencia do solo e da topografia no componente arboreo de fragmentos, no entorno do Reservatorio Divisa, na regiao dos Campos de Cima da Serra, Sul do Brasil. O levantamento da vegetacao foi realizado em quatro fragmentos, sendo em cada parcela (10 x 20 m) efetuada a identificacao e medicao da circunferencia a altura do peito (CAP) dos individuos com CAP ≥ 30 cm. Os dados de vegetacao foram submetidos a analise de agrupamento. Adicionalmente, foram obtidas as variaveis ambientais, como declividade media das parcelas e amostras de solo, na camada de 0-20 cm de profundidade. A correlacao entre os dados ambientais e de vegetacao foi realizada por meio da Analise de Correspondencia Canonica. As caracteristicas fisicas do solo nao apresentaram influencia nos grupos formados e nas especies. Nos capoes, a constante presenca do gado influenciou negativamente a estrutura do sub-bosque, assim como as caracteristicas quimicas do solo. Aluminio e saturacao por aluminio apresentaram maior influencia nas especies predominantes da mata ciliar enquanto cobre e enxofre influenciaram as especies presentes nos capoes. Especies como Araucaria angustifolia, Eugenia uruguayensis, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Calyptranthes concinna, Lithraea brasiliensis, Myrsine coriacea, Ocotea pulchella e Sebastiania commersoniana sao adaptadas a mata ciliar, podendo ser utilizadas na recuperacao e enriquecimento desses ambientes.