Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh

Consumo de suplementos nutricionais por frequentadores de academias da cidade de Porto Alegre

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prevalencia do uso de suplementos alimentares nas acade- mias da cidade de Porto Alegre. Foram entrevistados 316 individuos com idade entre 18-59 anos. A abordagem foi por voluntariedade, em 22 academias da cidade. Observou-se um expressivo uso de suplementos nutricionais pelos participantes (28,8%), e os homens utilizam mais suplementos do que as mulheres (p<0,05). Os suplementos mais utilizados foram aqueles a base de proteinas, que sao ingeridos principalmente por indicacao de educadores fisicos. O alto consumo de suplementos nutricionais aponta a necessidade de alertar a populacao quanto aos riscos relacionados ao uso indevido de suplementos nutricionais.

Estado nutricional, hiperglicemia, nutrição precoce e mortalidade de pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva

OBJECTIVE Because patients hospitalized in intensive care units are at risk for poor nutrition, and nutritional therapy is not always started at an appropriate time, the present study aimed to correlate nutritional status, early nutrition, and hyperglycemia with patient mortality in an intensive care unit. METHODS This archival cohort study used the secondary database of 453 patients who stayed at least 48 hours in an intensive care unit and were assessed for 8 days of hospitalization. Patient nutritional status was defined according to the body mass index. Early nutrition was defined as an feeding energy within the first 48 hours of hospitalization, regardless of the administration route. Blood glucose levels were monitored using a glucometer. RESULTS A majority of patients were male (54.2%), and approximately half of patients were overweight (48.4%). At the end of the first 48 hours, 69.4% of patients had received nutrition, and only 13.5% of patients still exhibited hyperglycemia. The patients who received early nutritional therapy exhibited lower a mortality risk (p = 0.002), regardless of the presence of other factors associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS The significant correlation between early nutritional therapy and survival emphasizes the importance of nutrition in severely ill patients. The low frequency of hyperglycemia found in this study might indicate that the prescription of nutritional therapy and the application of an insulin protocol are appropriate at institutional intensive care units.

Diet-Induced Weight Loss Reduces DNA Damage and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight/Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Aims: We aimed to investigate the impact of following a diet to induce weight loss (500 kcal deficit per day) over DNA damage and cardiometabolic risk factors in women with overweight/obesity diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A study was conducted in Natal, RN, Brazil selecting overweight/obese (body mass index ≥25 and <39 kg/m2) women (18-35 years). The levels of DNA damage were assessed by a single cell gel electrophoresis. Repeated 24 h dietary recall questionnaires, anthropometry, biochemical profile and sex hormones were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. Results: Women exhibiting a decrease in the markers of DNA damage: tail intensity (24.35 ± 5.86 - pre diet vs. 17.15 ± 5.04 - post-diet; p < 0.001) and tail moment (20.47 ± 7.85 - pre diet vs. 14.13 ± 6.29 - post-diet; p < 0.002). Reduction of calorie intake, weight loss, decreased sexual hormone and cardiometabolic markers such as insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were verified In the multivariate regression analysis, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and progesterone were responsible for the variation markers in DNA damage before the diet, losing its influence upon diet. Conclusion: DNA damage and the impact of cardiometabolic risk factors decreased after the intervention in women with PCOS, indicating the relevance of a nutritional approach in this group of patients.

Efeitos do consumo agudo de cafeína sobre parâmetros metabólicos e de desempenho em indivíduos do sexo masculino

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito do consumo agudo de cafeina sobre a oxidacao de lipideos e desempenho durante o exercicio aerobico. Foram avaliados 15 individuos do sexo masculino, com idade media de 22,3 ± 2,7 anos, que realizaram teste de cargas progressivas em esteira rolante para determinacao do consumo maximo de oxigenio (VO2max) e limiares ventilatorios (LV). Cada voluntario realizou tres testes submaximos na intensidade de 10% abaixo do segundo LV, sendo orientados a permanecer em exercicio ate a exaustao. Trinta minutos antes de cada teste submaximo, foram ingeridos 250ml de uma das bebidas compostas por: cafe com adocante (CAD), cafe com acucar (CA) e cafe descafeinado com adocante (CD). Durante o exercicio, os individuos foram monitorados pelo ergoespirometro e frequencimetro. A oxidacao de lipideos foi predita pelo quociente respiratorio (QR) durante o teste, e o desempenho foi verificado pelo tempo de exercicio. Para comparar os resultados de QR e tempo de exercicio entre os grupos, foi utilizado Anova fatorial, e considerou-se significância estatistica um valor de p < 0,05. A media de VO2max foi de 50,18 ± 9,9ml/kg/min. Com a ingestao de CAD, a media do QR foi de 0,98 ± 0,18 e o tempo medio em exercicio foi de 24,1 ± 17,04 minutos. Com a ingestao de CA, a media do QR foi de 0,96 ± 0,2 e o tempo medio em exercicio foi de 24,4 ± 17,8min. No teste com ingestao de CD, a media do QR foi de 1,01 ± 0,24 e a media do tempo em exercicio foi de 20,6 ± 9,7min. Nao houve diferenca significativa entre os testes nos valores do QR e nem tempo de exercicio (p = 0,697 e p = 0,598, respectivamente). A cafeina nao aumentou a oxidacao de lipideos nem o desempenho de individuos jovens do sexo masculino.

Avaliação nutricional de pessoas com deficiência praticantes de natação

Swimming contributes to physical, mental and social health of people who have some kind of disability. Bearing in mind that the nutritional aspect is relevant to sports performance as well as to life quality of these individuals, this study has aimed at evaluating the nutritional status of disabled individuals who practice swimming. Four male and four female individuals aged between 19 and 36 years who have either physical or visual impairment, as well as swim two or three weekly times, participated in the assessment protocol. Anthropometric analysis and food intake evaluation were used through three-day-recording and biochemical evaluation for the analysis of the lipid profile (triglycerides, total and fraction cholesterol). Mean BMI found was 24.15 ± 2.33 kg/m2 and 27.26 ± 4.91kg/m2 for men and women, respectively. The average food intake observed for both sexes was 3161.33 ± 480.08 kcal, having mean composition of 58.13 ± 5.04% of carbohydrates, 19.62 ± 1.54% of protein and 22.45 ± 5.64% of lipids from the total energetic value (TEV). Women presented adequate intake of protein, while men ingested it beyond their needs (2.14 ± 0.34 g/kg/day). Concerning the other nutrients, intake was adequate for both sexes. The biochemical analyses showed adequate lipid profile in general, with tendency for low HDL levels. It was concluded that the male individuals had satisfactory body composition and lipid profile, despite excessive intake of calories and proteins, while the female individuals presented nutritional risk due to overweight. It becomes evident the later group needs individualized nutritional orientation so as to correct their inadequate eating habits and hence improve their physical performance and life quality.

Acute Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on GLP-1, Appetite and Energy Intake in Obese Men: A Crossover Trial

This study investigated the effect of high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), appetite and energy intake (EI) in obese men. In a randomized crossover trial, 12 participants (28.4 ± 2.6 years, 35.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, 39.8 ± 2.2% body fat) performed: (I) Control (CON, no exercise); (II) MICE (20 min, 70% of maximal heart rate) and (III) HIIE (10 × 1 min at 90% of maximal heart rate with 1 min recovery). GLP-1 and appetite were assessed at: (I) PRE: pre-exercise; (II) POST: immediately post-exercise; (III) POST-1 h: 1 h post-exercise. EI was assessed after an ad libitum meal offered 1 h post-exercise and over 24 h. There was a significant time × condition interaction for GLP-1 (p = 0.035). Higher GLP-1 levels in MICE vs. CON (p = 0.024) and a trend for HIIE vs. CON (p = 0.069) POST-1h was found. Hunger was reduced immediately post-HIIE compared to CON (p < 0.01), but was not sustained POST-1 h (p > 0.05). EI did not differ between the sessions 1 h post-exercise or over 24H (p > 0.05). In summary, although MICE increased GLP-1 levels POST-1h and HIIE induced a transient reduction in hunger, both exercise protocols did not impact EI in obese men.

Effects of High-Intensity Interval and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Inflammatory, Leptin, IgA, and Lipid Peroxidation Responses in Obese Males

Purpose: To compare the effects of a single high-intensity interval exercise session (HIIE) with a moderate-intensity continuous exercise session (MICE) on the inflammatory profile, IgA levels, and lipid peroxidation in sedentary obese males. Methods: Ten sedentary obese men (age 28.5 ± 2.7 years; BMI 35.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2; body fat 40.6 ± 2.0%) performed three experimental sessions, on separate days with 1 week wash-out period between interventions, according to a randomized order: (1) HIIE: 10 × 60 s at 90% of the HRmax alternated by 60 s of active recovery; (2) MICE: 20 min at 70% of the HRmax; (3) Rest—control. Blood and saliva samples were collected before, immediately after and 60 min after the end of each session in order to analyse serum levels of cytokines, IgA, and lipoperoxidation markers. Results: Leptin levels decreased immediately after HIIE (P = 0.033) and was different from the MICE (P = 0.025). IFN-γ levels were reduced immediately after (P = 0.032) and 60 min after HIIE (P = 0.003) compared to baseline, and it also increased IL-4 levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.007) compared to resting values. MICE promoted an increase in IFN-γ levels immediately after exercise (P = 0.025) and 60 min after exercise (P = 0.004) in relation to baseline. Both exercise conditions increased IL-6 levels up to 60 min after exercise (P < 0.05). The IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio decreased immediately after (P = 0.002) and 60 min after HIIE (P = 0.005) in relation to pre-exercise. No changes were found for IgA-S and TBARS for any of the conditions. Conclusion: A single HIIE session is able to decrease IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, indicating an anti-inflammatory response, without alterations in the function of the mucosal immune system and lipoperoxidation. On the other hand, a brief session of MICE induced changes in the pattern of cytokines associated with increased cellular immune function.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in primary health care: comparison of two cutoff points

Objective We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype among users of primary health care using two different cutoff points used in the literature. Methods We evaluated adults and elderly individuals of both sexes who attended the same level of primary health care. HTGW phenotype was determined with measurements of waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride levels and compared using cutoff points proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program – NCEP/ATP III (WC ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women; triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL for both sexes) and by Lemieux et al (WC ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women; triglyceride levels ≥177 mg/dL for both). Results Within the sample of 437 individuals, 73.7% was female. The prevalence of HTGW phenotype was high and statistically different with the use of different cutoff points from the literature. The prevalence was higher using the NCEP/ATP III criteria compared to those proposed by Lemieux et al (36.2% and 32.5%, respectively, p<0.05). Individuals with the presence of the phenotype also presented alterations in other traditional cardiovascular risk markers. Conclusion The HTGW phenotype identified high prevalence of cardiovascular risk in the population, with higher cutoff points from the NCEP/ATP III criteria. The difference in frequency of risk alerts us to the need to establish cutoff points for the Brazilian population.

Consumption of nutritional supplements among individuals in Porto Alegre's fitness centers

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prevalencia do uso de suplementos alimentares nas acade- mias da cidade de Porto Alegre. Foram entrevistados 316 individuos com idade entre 18-59 anos. A abordagem foi por voluntariedade, em 22 academias da cidade. Observou-se um expressivo uso de suplementos nutricionais pelos participantes (28,8%), e os homens utilizam mais suplementos do que as mulheres (p<0,05). Os suplementos mais utilizados foram aqueles a base de proteinas, que sao ingeridos principalmente por indicacao de educadores fisicos. O alto consumo de suplementos nutricionais aponta a necessidade de alertar a populacao quanto aos riscos relacionados ao uso indevido de suplementos nutricionais.

The effects of diet- and diet plus exercise-induced weight loss on basal metabolic rate and acylated ghrelin in grade 1 obese subjects

Background Diet and exercise are often prescribed as primary intervention regarding obesity-related disorders. Additionally, recent studies have shown beneficial effects of weight loss through diet and exercise in ghrelin concentrations in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 5% weight loss on lipid profile, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and acylated ghrelin (AG) using two different methods of intervention (diet or diet plus exercise). Materials and methods Eighteen subjects (twelve women and six men) aged 20–40 years with a body mass index of 30–34.9 kg/m2 (grade 1 obesity) were randomized into two intervention groups: diet (n=9) or diet plus exercise (n=9). Both groups underwent treatment until 5% of the initial body weight was lost. At baseline and upon completion, RMR and AG were analyzed. Results Both groups showed a significant decrease in body fat percentage and fat mass. The diet-plus-exercise group showed a decrease in AG (pre: 54.4±25.3 pg/mL and post: 33.2±19.1 pg/mL) and an increase in RMR (pre: 1,363±379 kcal/day, post: 1,633±223 kcal/day). Conclusion These data suggest that diet plus exercise induced weight loss and had beneficial effects on AG concentration and RMR, essential factors to ensure the benefits of a weight-loss program.