Ana Thereza Rocha

Miltefosine in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Brazil: A Randomized and Controlled Trial

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is treated with parenteral drugs for decades with decreasing rate cures. Miltefosine is an oral medication with anti-leishmania activity and may increase the cure rates and improve compliance. Methodology/Principal Findings This study is a randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of miltefosine versus pentavalent antimony (Sbv) in the treatment of patients with CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Bahia, Brazil. A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the trial; 60 were assigned to receive miltefosine and 30 to receive Sbv. Six months after treatment, in the intention-to-treat analyses, the definitive cure rate was 53.3% in the Sbv group and 75% in the miltefosine group (difference of 21.7%, 95% CI 0.08% to 42.7%, p = 0.04). Miltefosine was more effective than Sbv in the age group of 13–65 years-old compared to 2–12 years-old group (78.9% versus 45% p = 0.02; 68.2% versus 70% p = 1.0, respectively). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the Sbv and miltefosine groups (76.7% vs. 78.3%). Vomiting (41.7%), nausea (40%), and abdominal pain (23.3%) were significantly more frequent in the miltefosine group while arthralgias (20.7%), mialgias (20.7%) and fever (23.3%) were significantly more frequent in the Sbv group. Conclusions This study demonstrates that miltefosine therapy is more effective than standard Sbv and safe for the treatment of CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Bahia, Brazil. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00600548

Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Efficacy of Thromboprophylaxis in Hospitalized Obese Medical Patients and in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Background: Obesity is considered a highly prevalent risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients. However, recommendations for VTE prophylaxis in obese patients are not clear. Methods: To evaluate obesity as a risk factor for VTE in medical and bariatric patients and the efficacy of VTE prophylaxis, we performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and LILACS from 1976 to 2006. Evidence was evaluated independently by 2 authors and presented descriptively. Results: Of the 124 studies found, 87 were excluded based on predefined criteria. There is no consensus among studies, but prospective cohorts show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of VTE in medical patients. There is evidence that the risk of VTE exceeds that attributable to the surgical procedure alone in bariatric surgery. Only 6 studies evaluated prophylactic methods (unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin and sequential compression devices) in obese patients. Although these studies have some methodological flaws, they suggest efficacy of VTE prophylaxis in medical and surgical obese patients. Conclusions: Obesity is a risk factor for VTE in obese medical patients and patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Obesity appears to play an adjuvant role for the development of VTE in hospitalized patients with other risk factors. The small number of prospective trials in this population prevents a definite conclusion about the most effective and safe VTE prophylactic method for obese patients. Thus, randomized clinical trials to compare VTE prophylactic methods in obese patients are still highly warranted.

Inadequação de tromboprofilaxia venosa em pacientes clínicos hospitalizados

BACKGROUND: The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high in hospitalized patients, however it can be reduced by adequate prophylaxis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in hospitalized patients with acute medical illnesses in 4 hospitals of Salvador. RESULTS: We evaluated 226 consecutive patients: 15.5% in medical ICU, 79% > 40 years of age and 48% male. The majority (97%) had a least 1 risk factor (RF) for VTE, 79% had reduced mobility and 62% were diagnosed as having a RF at admission. Of the 208 prophylaxis candidates, 54% received some form of prophylaxis: unfractionated heparin (UFH) in 44%, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in 56% and mechanical methods in 2 patients. The utilization rate was similar in private and public hospitals. (51% vs. 49%), but LMWH was more common in private hospitals, without a residence program (97%), and UFH in the public ones (86%). LMWH was more frequently used than UFH in patients > 40 years of age, more often in Caucasian than in Black patients, and less frequently in those with contraindications for heparin. Of the 112 patients receiving prophylaxis, 63% received adequate dosages: LMWH in 95.2% and UFH in 20.4%. VTE prophylaxis was adequate in only 33.6% (70/208) of the patients. CONCLUSION: Risk Factors for VTE were frequent in medical patients. There was considerable variability of the VTE prophylaxis prescribed in private and public hospitals. LMWH was used more appropriately than UFH. However, only a minority of patients candidates for prophylaxis, received adequate dosages.

Impacto de um programa para profilaxia de tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes clínicos em quatro hospitais de Salvador

There is a discrepancy between guideline recommendations and practice of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in hospitals worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To implement a program using a risk-assessment tool (RAT) for VTE and educational lectures based on the Brazilian Guidelines for VTE Prophylaxis for Medical Patients and to evaluate the impact of these tools on adequacy of VTE prophylaxis in 4 hospitals in Salvador, Bahia. METHODS: We performed two cross-sectional surveys before and after the implementation of the program to compare the proportion of patients at-risk of VTE and the changes in the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis. RESULTS: We compared the data of 219 medical patients before with 292 patients after the program. The rates of patients with at least one risk factor for VTE and with contraindications (CI) for heparins were similar: 95% vs. 98% (p=0.13), and 42% vs. 34% (p=0.08), respectively. In both studies, 75% vs. 82% (p=0.06) were candidates for prophylaxis, and 44% vs. 55% (p =0.02) were candidates for prophylaxis and had no CI for heparin. After the program there was an increase in the use of mechanical prophylaxis 0.9% vs. 4.5% (p=0.03) and a decrease in pharmacological prophylaxis, 55.3% vs. 47.9% (p=0.04). However, there was a significant increase of use of the recommended doses of heparins, 53% vs. 75 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There is underutilization of VTE prophylaxis in Brazilian hospitals. Strategies based on passive distribution of RAT and educational lectures were not sufficient to improve the practice of prophylaxis, but improved the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized patients.UNLABELLED There is a discrepancy between guideline recommendations and practice of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in hospitals worldwide. OBJECTIVE To implement a program using a risk-assessment tool (RAT) for VTE and educational lectures based on the Brazilian Guidelines for VTE Prophylaxis for Medical Patients and to evaluate the impact of these tools on adequacy of VTE prophylaxis in 4 hospitals in Salvador, Bahia. METHODS We performed two cross-sectional surveys before and after the implementation of the program to compare the proportion of patients at-risk of VTE and the changes in the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis. RESULTS We compared the data of 219 medical patients before with 292 patients after the program. The rates of patients with at least one risk factor for VTE and with contraindications (CI) for heparins were similar: 95% vs. 98% (p=0.13), and 42% vs. 34% (p=0.08), respectively. In both studies, 75% vs. 82% (p=0.06) were candidates for prophylaxis, and 44% vs. 55% (p =0.02) were candidates for prophylaxis and had no CI for heparin. After the program there was an increase in the use of mechanical prophylaxis 0.9% vs. 4.5% (p=0.03) and a decrease in pharmacological prophylaxis, 55.3% vs. 47.9% (p=0.04). However, there was a significant increase of use of the recommended doses of heparins, 53% vs. 75 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION There is underutilization of VTE prophylaxis in Brazilian hospitals. Strategies based on passive distribution of RAT and educational lectures were not sufficient to improve the practice of prophylaxis, but improved the adequacy of VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized patients.

Highlights from the I international symposium of thrombosis and anticoagulation in internal medicine, October 23-25, 2008, Sao Paulo, Brazil

The importance of thrombosis and anticoagulation in clinical practice is rooted firmly in several fundamental constructs that can be applied both broadly and globally. Awareness and the appropriate use of anticoagulant therapy remain the keys to prevention and treatment. However, to assure maximal efficacy and safety, the clinician must, according to the available evidence, choose the right drug, at the right dose, for the right patient, under the right indication, and for the right duration of time. The first International Symposium of Thrombosis and Anticoagulation in Internal Medicine was a scientific program developed by clinicians for clinicians. The primary objective of the meeting was to educate, motivate and inspire internists, cardiologists and hematologists by convening national and international visionaries, thought-leaders and dedicated clinician-scientists in Sao Paulo, Brazil. This article is a focused summary of the symposium proceedings.

Umbilical Cord Hemangioma with Pseudocyst: An Exceptional Finding

1. Serviço de Ginecologia/Obstetrícia. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto. Porto. Portugal. 2. Unidade de Diagnóstico e Terapêutica Pré-Natal. Centro Materno Infantil do Norte. Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto. Porto. Portugal.  Autor correspondente: Ana Rocha. ana_mr_rocha@hotmail.com Recebido: 06 de junho de 2017 Aceite: 18 de agosto de 2017 | Copyright