Ana Vitória Fischer da Silva

Fisiologia do estresse calórico e a utilização de eletrólitos em frangos de corte

High ambient temperature could result in numerous physiological and metabolic perturbations on broilers chicken with consequently adversely impact in broilers performance and immune response. Though the environmental control technique have been frequently useful for reduce the negative impact of heat stress in poultry performance, other alternative have been studied. Lately, the nutritional manipulation is also used for reducing the heat stress, once the most part of thermobalance components of broiler (heat production, evaporative and nonevaporative heat dissipation routes) could be manipulated though the diet. Specially, the eletrolitic balance have fundamental importance in physiological stress mechanism and for this way should be considered as a tool in control of this metabolic dysfunction in birds.

Avaliação microbiológica, histológica e imunológica de frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Enteritidis e Minnesota e tratados com ácidos orgânicos

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate effectiveness of organic acids against Salmonella enterica enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE) and Minnesota (SM) in broilers. In the first experiment three treatments were evaluated: T1 - feeding with organic acids, T2 - feeding with organic acids and organic acids in drink water, and T3 - control group. All animals were oral challenged with SE. Organic acids in diet (T1) and organic acids in diet and drink water (T2) reduced the shadding of Salmonella in crop and cecum 7 days post challenged with SE and reduced the CD3+ cells in jejunal mucosa of broilers. In the second experiment four treatments were evaluated, T1 - control group, T2 - control group oral challenged with Salmonella Minnesota (SM); T3 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet; T4 - oral challenged animals with SM and treated with organic acids in diet and in drink water. Organic acids in diet (T3) and organic acids in diet and in drink water (T4) reduced the shadding of SM in crop of challenged broilers, 7 days post inoculation The use of organic acids in diet and in water was more effective to control SE than SM.

Importância e medidas de controle para Alphitobius diaperinus em aviários

The growth in poultry production because of the high markets demand causes an increase in the confinement raising, which increases the density of birds in poultry houses. As a result of this function, there is moisture increase in broiler litter, both from the excreta and drinkers, which favors the growth of the coleopterons Alphitobius diaperinus, popularly known as darkling beetle. The direct contact of the insects with the broiler litter as well as their feeding from dead and sick broilers make the A. diaperinus a vehicle for various pathogens, especially bacteria, protozoa and viruses. Besides the relationship with the pathogens, the darkling beetle can cause damage to poultry house, because at the larva stage they tent to burrow in to the insulating material and destroying the protection of polyurethane used for thermal insulation of poultry houses in countries with cold climate, which have to be changed every two or three years. Another harming factor to the broilers is the replacement of theirs balanced diet for larvae and adults of coleopterons, which affect the weight gain, mainly within younger individuals. Due to this factor, the presence of darkling beetle in poultry installations becomes a health as well as financial problem. The control of A. diaperinus is regarded as difficult and the use of chemical insecticides is common in poultry raising, even though it has disadvantages because it leaves residue in the carcass and in the environment. The presence of high amount of organic matter in poultry causes the decrease of the effectiveness of chemical insecticides. Several studies have been developed in research for alternatives, such as nematodes, fungi entomopathogenics, but they are not yet available commercially. Another line of research is the use of diatomaceous earth, an inert and non toxic powder which leaves no residues in chicken meat or in the environment.

Effect of β-mannanase on the digestibility of diets with different protein sources in dogs determined by different methodologies1

This experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of including the enzyme, β-mannanase, in dog (Canis lupus familiaris) diets based on either poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) by-product meal (PBM) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Meal (SBM). The second objective was to evaluate 3 methods for determining energy and nutrient digestibility values in diets fed to dogs: total fecal collection (TFC) and use of aia or crude fiber (CF) as a marker. Eight dogs were allotted to a replicated latin square (4 by 4) design. There were 2 diets based on PBM as the major protein source and 2 diets based on SBM as the major protein source. Within each protein source, 1 diet contained no β-mannanase and 1 diet contained 0.01% β-mannanase. Diets were fed for an adaptation period of 5 d followed by 5 d of TFC. Fecal score (1 = watery feces to 5 = dry, hard pellets), pH, DM, and fecal volume were determined. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, CP, ether extract (EE), N-free extract (NFE), and GE, and ME content were calculated using the methods of TFC, AIA, and CF. Data were analyzed as a 2 by 2 by 3 split-split-plot design (β-mannanase, protein source, and digestibility calculation procedure). There were interactions between protein source and β-mannanase (P < 0.05). Supplementation of β-mannanase increased ATTD of nutrients and energy and ME (+ 195.3 kcal/kg) and also reduced fecal production in the diet with SBM, but not in the diet that contained PBM. There was an interaction between digestibility calculation procedure and protein source (P < 0.05). The use of AIA overestimated ATTD of the diets containing PBM, but digestibility values estimated based on TFC and CF were not different. Dogs fed diets containing SBM produced more feces with greater moisture content and lower pH compared with dogs fed the PBM diet (P < 0.05). Addition of 0.01% β-mannanase increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility and ME content of the diets containing SBM, but did not improve (P > 0.05) fecal texture. Results indicated that values for ATTD of energy and nutrients in diets containing sbm are not different if they are calculated based on TFC, AIA, or CF, but use of AIA may result in an overestimation of values for ATTD of energy and nutrients in diets containing PBM.

Influence of feed form and corn particle size on nutrient digestibility and energy utilization by young turkeys

A digestibility trial with 16 to 21-day-old turkeys was conducted to study the effects of feed form and corn particle size on the coefficient of total intestinal tract apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), ether extract (EE), aparent metabolizable energy (AME) and aparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (AMEn). A completely randomized experimental design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement - two feed forms (crumble and micropellet) and three average particle sizes of the corn (380, 606, 806 µm) - was applied. Three hundred and sixty 1-d-old B.U.T 9 male turkey poults were distributed into 36 cages, 6 replications of 10 birds, each one per treatment. Overall care of birds complied with welfare directive from the Universidade Federal do Parana. Feed form did not affect the coefficient of total intestinal tract apparent digestibility of DM, N or crude fat (CF); however, an increase in corn particle size improved the coefficient of total intestinal tract apparent digestibility of DM, N and CF. AME and AMEn were not affected by treatments. Feed form does not affect nutrient digestibility on young turkeys and grinding corn at an average particle size bigger than 380 µm improves nutrient digestibility.

Body measurements and serum lipid profile of overweight adult dogs fed diet with containing conjugated linoleic acid

Estudos em humanos e animais tem demonstrado que o uso do acido linoleico conjugado (ALC) promove alteracoes na composicao corporal, principalmente reduzindo a deposicao de gordura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alteracoes sobre o peso corporal, tecido adiposo subcutâneo, gordura corporal e concentracao serica de lipideos (triacilglicerol, colesterol total, LDL e HDL) de caes com sobrepeso alimentados com ALC (60% de acido linoleico conjugado metil ester, na proporcao de 1:1 de 9, 11: 10, 12 isomeros) na dieta. Duas dietas foram fornecidas por quatro meses, para 14 caes com sobrepeso (16,85±7,13) de diferentes racas: dietas controle (-ALC) e teste (+ALC, 0,3%). O experimento seguiu delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Nao houve diferenca entre os grupos para peso corporal e nivel serico de triacilglicerol, colesterol total e LDL. No entanto, foram observadas diferencas significativas entre os periodos final e inicial para tecido adiposo subcutâneo, gordura corporal e nivel serico de HDL nos caes que receberam ALC. A suplementacao de 0,3% de ALC na dieta de caes com sobrepeso diminuiu a deposicao de lipidios no tecido subcutâneo e a gordura corporal total, mas aumentou os niveis sanguineos de HDL.

Cation-anion ratios in poultry diets.

The electrolyte balance is termed as the balance between income, consumption and loss of essential monovalent ions such as sodium (Na(+)), potassium (K(+)), and chloride (Cl(-)), which is dissociated into its ionic components, and the main physiological function of which is maintaining acid-base balance and osmotic pressure of the body. The adjustment in the electrolyte balance of rations must be done at any stage production of animals, and that the improvements in performance are more evident in the finishing stages of growth and under conditions of heat stress. The high metabolic level required by the animals that have genetic for rapid growth, demand adjustments in modern formulations where small adjustments can make a difference for better performance. In this article important patents are also discussed.