Ana Yoshi Harada

Local diversity of tropical and temperature ant faunas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Qualitative and quantitative collections of ants made in the region of Manaus, Brazil (evergreen tropical humid forest), and in western North Carolina, USA (deciduous temperate/wet forest), were undertaken to investigate. latitudinal patterns of ant diversity and community organization on regional and local scales. We have found to date 307 ant species in the Municipality of Manaus. Totals ranging from 134 to 270+ species have been reported in the literature for other tropical regions of less than 10,000km2. In contrast, temperate ant surveys generally report only SO to 150 species in similar or larger areas. Sampling at sardine baits set 10m apart on square grids, we found forest ecosystems near Manaus to be much richer and more diverse in ants than those sampled in North Carolina: 28 species vs. 5-10 species in 50 collections and 16 vs. 3 previously unrecorded species discovered with each doubling of sample size. Rooms (1975a) results from climatically simllar Papua New Guinea forest agree closely with those from Manaus. We suggest that one important factor contributing to the increased diversity of tropical, omnivorous ants may be greater variety of nest sites available for specialization.

Arthropods obtained from the Amazonian tree species "Cupiuba" (Goupia glabra) by repeated canopy fogging with natural Pyrethrum

Two canopies of a widely distributed Amazonian tree species, Goupia glabra Aubl. (Celastraceae, height 38 and 45m) were fogged several times with 1% natural pyrethrum during the rainy and dry seasons (1991-1994) in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve near Manaus/Brazil. Between 50 and 158 ind./m2 of arthropods were obtained per tree and fogging event. Hymenoptera, mostly Formicidae, and Diptcra dominated. A total of 95 ant species occurred on a single tree. Most ants were permanently foraging in the canopy and their recolonization after fogging seems to follow stochastic pathways. Data indicated an interaction between - 1) predating Formicidae and gall building Cecidomyiidae and - 2) Cecidomyiidae and the parasitic Hymenoptera.

Densidade e distribuição vertical de Macroinvertebrados em solos argilosos e arenosos na Amazônia Central

A densidade e a distribuicao vertical da macrofauna do solo foram estudadas nas estacoes chuvosa e seca na regiao de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, sob tres tipos de cobertura vegetal, em areas de solo arenoso e de solo argiloso, durante dois anos. Os animais foram coletados manualmente de amostras de solo de 20 x 20 x 30 cm (= 12 litros), divididas em subamostras de 5 cm de espessura. O metodo mostrou-se pouco eficiente, principalmente para coleta de animais menores que 2 mm, por serem pouco visiveis a olho nu. Encontrou-se maior numero de animais no solo arenoso que no solo argiloso. Os grupos mais bem representados foram cupins, formigas e minhocas. Fez-se comparacao entre o numero de individuos coletados na estacao chuvosa e na estacao seca, tendo sido encontrado mais macroinvertebrados nos estratos superiores (0-15 cm) na estacao chuvosa que na estacao seca, e em profundidades maiores (15-30 cm), eles foram mais abundantes na estacao seca, principalmente cupins. Isto foi interpretado como evidencia de migracao vertical da macrofauna para os estratos superiores do solo na estacao chuvosa e para o solo mineral na estacao seca.

Leaf-litter amount as a factor in the structure of a ponerine ants community (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil

Leaf-litter amount as a factor in the structure of a ponerine ants community (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest, Brazil. Leaf-litter may be an important factor in structuring ponerine ant communities (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae) in tropical rainforests. We specifically examined how leaf-litter affects the structure of a ponerine ant community in primary Amazonian rainforest sites at the Ferreira Penna Scientific Station, Para, Brazil. A total of 53 species belonging to eight genera of three ponerine tribes were collected with mini-Winkler extractors. The amount of leaf-litter positively affected the abundance and richness of the ponerine ant community, and also influenced species composition. Nearby samples often had low species similarity, especially when adjacent samples differed in the amount of leaf-litter. Leaf-litter availability in Amazonian primary forests is a key factor for distribution of ground-dwelling ponerine species, even at small scales.

[Occurrence of Solenopsis saevissima F Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) damaging Schizolobium amazonicum].

Injuries by Solenopsis saevissima F Smith in paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) trees are described for the first time in Dom Eliseu County, Pará State, Brazil. This ant damages leaves and the shaft where holes and galleries are opened up to the plant shoot. Terminal and new shoots are attacked and destroyed, harming the development of upright and uniform trunks for commercialization. Arboreal nests constructed by this ant were also observed in some plants.

ESTRATIFICAÇÃO E DENSIDADE DE INVERTEBRADOS EM SOLO ARENOSO SOB FLORESTA PRIMÁRIA E PLANTIOS ARBÓREOS NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL DURANTE A ESTAÇÃO SECA

Densidade e distribuicao vertical de invertebrados foram estudados durante o mes de setembro de 1990 e 1991, em solo de tres tipos de cobertura vegetal: floresta primaria, plantios de Dipteryx odorata(Leguminosae = cumaru) e Simaruba amara(Simarubaceae = marupa), nos arredores de Manaus, Brasil. Foram encontrados 19 grupos principais da fauna. A maioria desses grupos foram similares para os tres tipos de cobertura, sendo Isoptera (40,1%), Formicidae (25,2%), Araneae (6,7%) os grupos mais abundantes que, juntos, representaram 62,4% da fauna de cumaru, 57,0% da fauna de marupa e 84,1% da fauna de floresta. Houve uma diminuicao da densidade para todos os grupos (excluidos os cupins) ate a profundidade de 20 cm, com subsequente aumento ate 30 cm de profundidade, principalmente pela presenca de Isoptera. Cerca de 45% de toda a fauna ocorreu no estrato de 0-5 cm de profundidade, seguido de 9,5% (5-10 cm), 9,1% (10-15 cm), 2,7% (15-20 cm), 20,7% (20-25 cm) e 12,3% (25-30 cm) nos estratos subsequentes. Isoptera, Diptera e outros invertebrados nao apresentaram correlacao com a umidade e o pH do solo.

Ants obtained from trees of a "Jacareuba" (Calophyllum brasiliense) forest plantation in Central Amazonia by canopy fogging: first results

Canopies of the locally occurring Amazonian tree species Calophyllum brasiliense. Camb. (Guttiferae, height 10 m) were fogged after dawn on the same day at five adjacent localities in a 20-year-old plantation at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve near Manaus/Brazil, using natural pyrethrum (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%), Baythroid (0.3%) and diesel oil, respectively. The 1152 ants collected represented 52 species, 17 genera and five subfamilies. The highest number of ant species was obtained with the synthetic pyrethrum Baythroid 0.3% and with natural pyrethrum 1.5%. About 46% of the total ant species were only collected in the first hour after fogging, and 17% only during the second hour, after trees had been heavily shaken. About 73% of the total ant specimens dropped in the first hour. Data on alpha-diversity, eveness and frequency of ants indicated a rapidly decreasing knock-down effect of both the synthetic and natural pyrethrum after application. The ant fauna in the canopy of C. brasiliense is somewhat distinct compared with that of Goupia glabra Aubl. (Celastraceae, height 45 m) from the primary forest of the reserve.

Azteca barbifex Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): potential pest of citrus crops in eastern Amazon

Damage caused by the ant Azteca barbifex (Forel) was identified in orange trees (Citrus sinensis), in Capitão Poço County, Guamá microregion, Pará State. The damage caused by the scraping of stems and branches lead to reduction in yield with subsequent death of the plant. These characteristics indicate A. barbifex as a potential pest of citrus crops in the eastern region of Amazon.

Science at the amazonian coast: Scientific production and training of human resources from the Coastal Studies Program – Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi

The scientific production and the training of human resources in Brazil have been investigated in many knowledge areas to subsidize their scientific, educational and technological development. To disseminate the intellectual and training of human resources contribution of the Coastal Studies Program (PEC/MPEG) at the coastal Amazon, in its timeline (1997 to 2016), it was compiled data of Curriculum Lattes of the PEC researcher and of data banks of institutional Programs of training from the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (MPEG) agreed or not with others teaching and research institutions from Belem do Para that, were typed and analyzed in the EXCELL 10.0 software. The production of 434 published articles (230 in the Biological, Health and Agricultural Sciences Area, 98 in Earth Sciences and Engineering and 76 in Human and Social Sciences) and of 427 training of human resources (128 in the Biological, Health and Agricultural Sciences Area, 128 in Earth Sciences and Engineering and 100 in Human and Social Sciences) mapping quantitatively the intellectual and training of human resources production in a multidisciplinary character, exposing the contribution of the program in its timeline, as also points out gaps and advances that can subsidize the academic and social demands fulfilling its mission.

Uma nova espécie do gênero Monacis Roger, da Amazônia (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE).

Neste trabalho descrevemos uma nova especie de formiga do genero MonacisRoger,da Amazonia Brasileira, a qual denominamos de Monacis inpain. sp. Estamos incluindo, tambem, uma chave para identificacao especifica, deste genero, publicada por Kempf (1959) com modificacoes que inserem esta especie.