Anand Shukla

Perventricular device closure of isolated muscular ventricular septal defect in infants: A single centre experience

OBJECTIVES To evaluate prospective single centre experience of mid-term safety and efficacy of perventricular device closure of isolated large muscular ventricular septal defect (mVSD) in high-risk infants. BACKGROUND Surgical closures of large mVSD in infants represent a challenge with significant morbidity. METHODS Between August 2008-2010, perventricular closure was attempted in 24 infants of 6.01 ± 2.37 months age and 4.27 ± 0.56 kg weight under TEE guidance. RESULTS The device was successfully deployed in 21/24 infants. Size of mVSD was 8.42 ± 1.46 mm (6.1-12 mm). Mean procedure time was 28.8 ± 11.7 min. The closure rate was 84% immediately and 100% at 6 months. Four patients suffered major complications: 2-died, 1-esophageal perforation, 1-persistent CHB. At 26.23 ± 6.63 months follow-up two patients were symptomatic: 1-required device retrieval, 1-died of severe gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION Perventricular device closure of isolated mVSD appears feasible option at mid-term follow-up and may either substitute or complement the conventional surgical technique in selected cases depending on institutional paediatric cardiac surgery performance.

Diagnostic accuracy of serum cystatin C for early recognition of contrast induced nephropathy in Western Indians undergoing cardiac catheterization

Aims We aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of serum cystatin C (sCyC) for contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) in Western Indians undergoing cardiac catheterization. We also aimed to propose a clinically applicable cut-off of sCyC for early identification of CIN in this ethnic group. Methods In this prospective study, 253 patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled. The demographic and risk factor details, levels of sCr at baseline, 24 and 48 h after the procedure, whereas baseline and 24 h levels of sCyC were noted. Increase of 0.5 mg/dl or ≥25% from baseline sCr was used to define CIN. Optimum cut off of sCyC for CIN diagnosis was obtained using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results After 48 h of contrast media (CM) exposure, the incidence of CIN was 12.25% (31 patients) according to sCr definition, where only 3.9% (10 patients) had sCr rise in 24 h. Overall significant (p < 0.0001) rise in mean levels of sCr (48 h) and sCyC (24 h) was observed in CIN patients. However, the mean sCr rise at 24 h was non-significant. The optimum cut off of sCyC for diagnosing CIN was found to be a rise of ≥10% from baseline (AUC – 0.901; sensitivity – 100%, specificity – 77.89%). According to sCyC, 94 (37.15%) patients had CIN. Conclusion We may conclude that a rise of ≥10% in sCyC at 24 h could be used as a reliable marker for identification of CIN in western Indians undergoing cardiac catheterization.

Multiple left ventricular aneurysms in a young female

Multiple left ventricular aneurysms (LVAs) are rare, especially in a young female. A 29-year-old woman presented vague symptoms. Multiple LVAs were revealed and confirmed on different imaging modalities, including chest radiography, echocardiography, contrast ventriculography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Detailed work-up for probable etiologies including ischemic, infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune causes was negative. In the absence of angina, decompensated congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and embolism, the patient was managed conservatively, with excellent mid-term outcome.

Prevalence and Predictors of Undiagnosed Hypertension in an Apparently Healthy Western Indian Population

This epidemiological study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of undetected hypertension in an apparently healthy western Indian population having no history of major illness. 3629 individuals of 18 years of age were included in the study. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg and prehypertension (PHTN) as SBP ≥ 120–139 mmHg or DBP ≥ 80–89 mmHg, but without HTN. The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the total population was 26% and was 11% and 40% in the young (40-year) and old (40-year) populations, respectively. The prevalence of PHTN, 40% in the overall population, was nearly the same in the young (39%) and the old population (42%). The risk factor most strongly associated with PHTN and HTN was obesity, showing the highest odds ratio in the overall (PHTN 2.14; 95% CI 1.20–3.81; HTN 2.72; 95% CI 1.53–4.85), the young (PHTN 2.29; 95% CI 1.25–4.21; HTN 2.92; 95% CI 1.59–5.35), and the old (PHTN 1.13; 95% CI 0.65–1.96; HTN 1.38; 95% CI 0.79–2.4) populations. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases which must not be ignored, especially in the western Indian population.

Endovascular Intervention in Chronically Occluded Inferior Vena Cavawith Modified Sharp Recanalization Technique

Though endovascular interventions for venous obstructive lesions have evolved, chronic total occlusions are difficult to negotiate. We are describing our experience of successfully using modified sharp recanalization technique in which the Brockenbrough needle in the Mullin sheath was used to negotiate the chronic total occlusion of inferior vena cava in a case in which the lesion was not crossed with repeated attempts with a guide-wire. Finally the lesion was predilated with mitral valvuloplasty balloon. A balloon-mounted stent was deployed with optimum postprocedural results. At the follow-up of 6 months, the patient was asymptomatic with optimal clinical outcome in form of patent stent on Doppler and computed tomography studies.