Anastasia Veneti

Intersection Logic in sequent calculus style

This volume contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Intersection Types and Related Systems (ITRS 2010). The workshop was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, on July 9th 2010, as part of FLoC 2010 and affiliated with LICS 2010. The ITRS workshop series aim at bringing together researchers working on both the theory and practical applications of systems based on intersection types and related approaches (e.g., union types, refinement types, behavioral types).This volume contains the proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Intersection Types and Related Systems (ITRS 2010). The workshop was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, on July 9th 2010, as part of FLoC 2010 and affiliated with LICS 2010. The ITRS workshop series aim at bringing together researchers working on both the theory and practical applications of systems based on intersection types and related approaches (e.g., union types, refinement types, behavioral types).

Aesthetics of protest: an examination of the photojournalistic approach to protest imagery:

Images of protests and demonstrations are crucial to both social movements and protesters who wish to communicate their identity and their messages to wider audiences. However, the photographing of such political events by press photographers is a complex process. The current analysis focuses on questions of aesthetics surrounding issues of visuality regarding protests and demonstrations. Based on empirical data from 17 semi-structured in-depth interviews with Greek photojournalists, this article examines what is photographed during a protest and how this is affected by the photojournalists’ aesthetic criteria. Drawing on scholarly work on photojournalism (Ritchin and Åker) and photography (Sontag), the author discusses how, in addition to the presumption of the principle of recording reality, photojournalists’ practice is also infused with subjective language and influenced by art photographers’ techniques. Therefore, the main argument of this article is that the employment of hybridized photography practices by photojournalists can have an impact upon their visual decisions with regard to what and how is photographed during a protest. The product of such practices is usually high quality, captivating images with apparent affective qualities.

Towards a Logic for Union Types

We examine a logical foundation for the intersection and union types assignment system IUT. The proposed system is Intersection and Union Logic IUL, an extension of Intersection Logic IL with the canonical rules for union. We investigate two different formalisms for IUL, as well as its properties and its relation with minimal intuitionistic logic.

Picturing protest: visuality, visibility and the public sphere

This special issue is concerned with how and why certain visual images picturing protest events and social movements are rendered visible or invisible in the public sphere. ‘Picturing Protest’ responds to the growing interest in a new protest culture and new ways of ‘doing politics’, ranging from Arab revolts to the Occupy Movement, the Indignados and anti-austerity protests in Europe. Since 2011 these new activisms have gained momentum in media and scholarly debates. Contemporary activisms are seen as powerfully tied in to the possibilities that social media platforms and Web 2.0 technologies offer to those involved in practices of dissent in physical squares and streets as much as in virtual environments. Of special interest here is how new forms of political participation and the practice of dissent go in tandem with the widespread use of visual images and internet memes facilitated by technological devices with documentation facilities (e.g. smartphones, tablets) and social network technologies (Bennett and Segerberg, 2012). Iconic images such as the image of dying Neda, a 26-year-old Iranian woman killed by a sniper bullet during a protest event, go viral on social media platforms and have the power to galvanize the attention of global publics. Hence, this new protest culture demands a different approach in the study of how protest images are constituted, analysed, interpreted and circulated in both old and new media environments. Taken together, the different contributions ask how and why activists, photojournalists, citizen journalists and journalists use protest images – ranging from maps and posters to amateur and professional photographs – to communicate with a range of audiences within and beyond nationally704633 VCJ0010.1177/1470357217704633Visual CommunicationRovisco and Venet

Marketing, art and voices of dissent

Limited research exists around the interrelationships between protest camps and marketing practices. In this article, we focus on the 2014 Hong Kong protest camps as a context where artistic work was innovatively developed and imaginatively promoted to draw global attention. Collecting and analysing empirical data from the Umbrella Movement, our findings explore the interrelationships between arts marketing technologies and the creativity and artistic expression of the protest camps so as to inform, update and rethink arts marketing theory itself. We discuss how protesters used public space to employ inventive methods of audience engagement, participation and co-creation of artwork, together with media art projects which aimed not only to promote their collective aims but also to educate and inform citizens. While some studies have already examined the function of arts marketing beyond traditional and established artistic institutions, our findings offer novel insights into the promotional techniques of protest art within the occupied space of a social movement. Finally, we suggest avenues for future research around the artwork of social movements that could highlight creative and political aspects of (arts) marketing theory.

Representations of the Economic Crisis and Austerity Politics

In the period between the 2009 and 2014 elections to the European Parliament, the international economic recession and related global debt crisis impacted seriously in several European Union (EU) member states. The rights and wrongs of debt fuelled growth and bank bailouts packages shaped political discourse not just in member states seeking sovereign external support but also placed great strain on the European project and raised real questions about the very future of the eurozone. The discussion draws on the content analysis data set generated from the assessment of posters and videos in the 2014 European Parliament election. The subsample in this chapter – focused on countries which experienced significant economic decline due to the post-2008 crisis – includes 321 items – 188 posters and 133 videos – which enables significant comparisons of trends and differences in six member states (Ireland, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Italy and Malta). Moving beyond this core group of countries, in the final section of the chapter we examine how themes such as ‘austerity’ were also evident in other member states and discuss how the economic backdrop to 2014 elections was evident in posters and broadcast spots produced by parties and candidates across the EU. It is possible to conclude that the ideological issues and national themes that played in the past an important role (Reif and Schmitt 1980) have been replaced by economic issues. The conomy and the crisis have become the new battlegrounds among parties, even bypassing the traditional distinction between right and left. The 2014 European Parliament campaign allows us to talk of the existence of a European anti-European campaign, which may well be a feature of EU politics beyond the economic crisis itself.

Media Ecology and the Politics of Dissent: Representations of the Hong Kong Protests in The Guardian and China Daily

The phenomenon of protests, currently on the rise in worldwide democracies, is made known to citizens mainly through representations in the media. This article, responding to the need for a broader view of protest media coverage in an international context, examines the ways the 2014 Hong Kong (HK) protests were covered by the online versions of two highly influential and appealing newspapers, belonging to contrasting media systems: The Guardian and China Daily. By revising a typology of previously used frames and inventing new ones, this study conducts a quantitative content analysis of news articles with the view to (a) highlight similarities and differences in the media coverage of protests within the above-mentioned media systems, (b) find out whether the media coverage of such events with political ramifications is affected by the geopolitical interests of the countries. Based on our analysis, this study suggests the need for revising the protest paradigm as important factors—the protests’ momentum, the media systems, the new information communication technologies, and certain geopolitical interests—are involved in the dynamics surrounding media coverage of protests and as such they greatly influence the framing process. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that the media coverage of the 2014 HK protests by the two newspapers was reflective of both the media systems in which they function and the distinctive national standpoints.

Political Selfies: Image Events in the New Media Field

Achilleas Karadimitriou and Anastasia Veneti examine the selfie as a new tool of political communication by placing the discussion and analysis in a very specific theoretical context, that of media events and celebrity politics. Political selfies represent the transition of political actors from the era of stylised public image in the age of ‘exculpation’. Political actors allow themselves to adopt poses of different kinds against a background that varies, containing moments deriving from different aspects of life with regard to professional obligations or relaxation and fun.