Anders Baerheim Svendsen

Alkaloids of Tabernaemontana eglandulosa

Abstract From the leaves and twigs of Tabernaemontana eglandulosa 22 alkaloids, of which 12 are new, have been isolated. Besides tacamine (pseudo-vincamine) 7 other alkaloids of this new class of indole alkaloids were identified. A further three alkaloids of the cleavamine type, namely the known ( + )20R-15, 20-dihydro-cleavamine and (-)20S-15, 20-dihydro-cleavamine and one new alkaloid, which was tentatively identified as 14S, 20R-velbanamine, two new alkaloids of the pseudo-aspidospermidine type, namely 20R-l,2-dehydro-pseudo-aspidospermidine and 20S-hydroxy-l,2-dehydro-pseudoaspidospermidine and an alkaloid of a novel iboga type were isolated. More common alkaloids isolated were coronaridine, 11-hydroxycoronaridine, voaphylline, tubotaiwine, ibogamine, norfluorocurarine and probably a mixture of 20R- and 20S-pseudo-vincadifformine. Only quantitative differences in the alkaloid content of the leaves, twigs and stembark were observed.

Comparison of isolation procedures for essential oils

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß der Destillationsäuer auf die Zusammensetzung der ätherischen Öle von Ajowan, Kümmel, Koriander und Kreuzkümmel wurde untersucht. Die Öle wurden sowohl durch Destillation als auch durch ein Destillation-Extraktionsverfahren isoliert. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Reihenfolge der Ölbestandteile während der Destillation bestimmt wurde von ihrer Löslichkeit im Destillationswasser, weshalb die höher siedenden sauerstoffhaltigen Komponenten schneller als die Kohlenwasserstoffe übergehen.Zum Vergleich wurden Angaben aufgenommen für Öle, die mit organischen Lösungsmitteln aus gemahlenen Früchten extrahiert worden waren. In diesen Fällen war die Menge der Kohlenwasserstoffe höher als bei den destillierten Ölen. Es gibt Hinweise dafür, daßp-Cymol in Ajowan- und Kreuzkümmelöl teilweise ein Artefakt der Destillation ist.SummaryThe influence of the time of distillation on the composition of the essential oils isolated from seed of ajowan, caraway, coriander, and cumin was investigated. The oils were isolated by distillation, as well as by simultaneous distillation-extraction. It was observed that the order of recovery of the oil constituents was determined by their solubility in the distillation water. Hence, the oxygenated compounds, although with higher boiling points, distilled before the hydrocarbons. In comparison, data are included for the oils obtained by solvent extraction from ground seed of the same species. In these cases the proportion of hydro carbons was higher than in the distilled oils. There was also evidence to suggest thatp-cymene in the oils of ajowan and cumin was partly an artefact of distillation.

The Essential Oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br.

ABSTRACT Capillary GC of the essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. showed a high content of citral (64.6% = 28.2% neral and 36.4% geranial). The oil was found to possess strong antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and Candida albicans.

The influence of initial sucrose and nitrate concentrations on the growth of Cinchona ledgeriana cell suspension cultures and the production of alkloids and anthraquinones

The influence of initial concentrations of two of the major medium components, sucrose and nitrate, on the growth and the production of alkaloids and anthraquinones in cell suspension cultures of Cinchona ledgeriana Moens was studied. It was found that maximum growth and maximum alkaloid yield were obtained with a B5-medium containing the normal level of nitrate and 4% sucrose, whereas the anthraquinone yield was maximum at 8% sucrose at the normal level of nitrate. Maximum contents of secondary metabolites, expressed as μg.gDW-1, were found using a medium containing 2% sucrose, but four times the normal nitrate concentration.

Alkaloids from Pycnarrhena longifolia

Abstract From the root and stem of Pycnarrhena longifolia the following alkaloids were isolated and identified: obaberine, homoaromoline, aromoline, daphnoline, limacine, krukovine, magnoflorine and pycnarrhine. Pycnarrhine is a simple isoquinoline derivative which has not previously been reported as a natural product.

Glycosidic Bound Volatile Compounds in Some Coniferae

ABSTRACT Glycosidic bound volatile compounds obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of aqueous extracts of ‘stabilized’ fresh leaves and needles of 16 Coniferae species, were analyzed by capillary GC. Six aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and two monoterpene alcohols were found.

An Ascaridole Containing Essential Oil of the Achillea millefolium L. Complex Growing Wild in Northern Greece

ABSTRACT The essential oil of the Achillea millefolium L. complex growing wild in Northern Greece was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Several monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were identified, although the main component was ascaridole (47.2%). Lesser amounts of 1, 8-cineole (10.5%), p-cymene (7.4%), α-terpinene (7.0%) and camphor (8.1%) were also found.

HPLC Analysis of Alkaloids in Extracts of Callus Cultures of Cinchona Species

Abstract The quantitative analysis of the alkaloids in Cinchona tissue cultures by means of a reversed-phase ion pair HPLC method is reported.