Anderson Saranz Zago

Exercício físico e o processo saúde-doença no envelhecimento

Along with the growing number os elderly in the population, there is a significant increase in the incidence of several diseases, such as hypertension, osteoporosis and diabetes, which affect the quality of life and independence of the elderly. However, lifestyle changes, including healthy food and physical exercise, may be considered an important factor for the relationship between health and disease. Many studies have shown that lifestyle changes may decrease the incidence of many diseases; however the benefits of the physical exercises seem to be often ignored. Although many advertising campaigns show the benefit of physical exercise for a healthy lifestyle, the proportion of sedentary individuals is still high. Thus, changes in lifestyle and physical exercise should be encouraged for the elderly population, in order to reduce the incidence of disease and improving the relationship between health and disease and, as a consequence, the quality of life in this population.

Effect of physical activity and t-786C polymorphism in blood pressure and blood flow in the elderly

BACKGROUNDnthe T-786C polymorphism of the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and superoxide anion production may reduce production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, affecting the degree of vasodilation. This effect can be reversed by exercise.nnnOBJECTIVEnto investigate the influence of aerobic training and T-786C polymorphism in the concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in blood flow (BF) and blood pressure (BP).nnnMETHODSnthirty-two elderly pre-hypertensive women (59 ± 6 years old) were divided into two groups according to the T-786C polymorphism (TT and TC + CC). We analyzed the concentrations of NOx (plasma) and blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography at rest, 1, 2 and 3 minutes post-occlusion (BF-0, BF-1 BF-2 BF-3, respectively). Evaluations were performed before and after 6 months of a program of aerobic exercise.nnnRESULTSnIn the pre-training evaluations, NOx levels were lower in TC + CC group than in TT group. The TT group showed correlations between NOx and BF-0 (r = 0.6) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BF-0 (r = -0.7), but no correlation was found in TC + CC group. In the post-training evaluations, there were correlations between NOx and BF-0 (r = 0.6) and the changes in NOx and DBP (r = -0.6) in TT group. There were also correlations between DBP and BF-1 (r = -0.8), DBP, and BF-2 (r = -0.6), DBP, and BF-3 (r = -0.6), in the changes between NOx and BF-1 (r = 0.8) and changes in NOx and DBP (r = -0.7) in TC + CC group.nnnCONCLUSIONnit was concluded that 6 months of aerobic exercise can increase the relationship between NO, BP and BF in elderly of allele C carriers.FUNDAMENTO: El polimorfismo T-786C del gen de la sintetasa del oxido nitrico endotelial (eNOS) y la produccion de anion superoxido pueden disminuir la produccion y biodisponibilidad del oxido nitrico, comprometiendo el grado de vasodilatacion, pudiendo este efecto ser revertido por el ejercicio fisico. OBJETIVO: Investigar la influencia del entrenamiento aerobico y del polimorfismo T-786C en las concentraciones de los metabolitos del oxido nitrico (NOx), en el flujo sanguineo (FS) y en la presion arterial (PA). METODOS: Treinta y dos anosas prehipertensas (59 ± 6 anos) fueron separadas en dos grupos de acuerdo con el polimorfismo T-786C (TT y TC+CC). Fueron analizadas las concentraciones de NOx (plasma) y flujo sanguineo por pletismografia de oclusion venosa en reposo, 1, 2 y 3 minutos post oclusion (FS-0, FS-1, FS-2, FS-3, respectivamente). Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas antes y despues de 6 meses de un programa de ejercicio aerobico. RESULTADOS: En las evaluaciones pre entrenamiento, los niveles de NOx fueron menores en el grupo TC+CC en relacion al grupo TT. El grupo TT presento correlaciones entre NOx y FS-0 (r = 0,6) y presion arterial diastolica (PAD) y FS-0 (r = -0,7), sin embargo ninguna correlacion fue encontrada en el grupo TC+CC. En las evaluaciones post entrenamiento, ocurrieron correlaciones entre NOx y FS-0 (r = 0,6) y en los cambios del NOx y PAD (r = -0,6) en el grupo TT. Tambien fueron obtenidas correlaciones entre PAD y FS-1 (r = -0,8), PAD y FS-2 (r = -0,6), PAD y FS-3 (r = -0,6), en los cambios entre NOx y FS-1 (r = 0,8) y cambios del NOx y PAD (r = -0,7) en el grupo TC+CC. CONCLUSION: Se concluye que 6 meses de ejercicio aerobico pueden contribuir a aumentar las relaciones existentes entre NO, PA y FS en anosas portadoras del alelo C.

Efeito do exercício físico e do polimorfismo T-786C na pressão arterial e no fluxo sanguíneo de idosas

BACKGROUNDnthe T-786C polymorphism of the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and superoxide anion production may reduce production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, affecting the degree of vasodilation. This effect can be reversed by exercise.nnnOBJECTIVEnto investigate the influence of aerobic training and T-786C polymorphism in the concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in blood flow (BF) and blood pressure (BP).nnnMETHODSnthirty-two elderly pre-hypertensive women (59 ± 6 years old) were divided into two groups according to the T-786C polymorphism (TT and TC + CC). We analyzed the concentrations of NOx (plasma) and blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography at rest, 1, 2 and 3 minutes post-occlusion (BF-0, BF-1 BF-2 BF-3, respectively). Evaluations were performed before and after 6 months of a program of aerobic exercise.nnnRESULTSnIn the pre-training evaluations, NOx levels were lower in TC + CC group than in TT group. The TT group showed correlations between NOx and BF-0 (r = 0.6) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BF-0 (r = -0.7), but no correlation was found in TC + CC group. In the post-training evaluations, there were correlations between NOx and BF-0 (r = 0.6) and the changes in NOx and DBP (r = -0.6) in TT group. There were also correlations between DBP and BF-1 (r = -0.8), DBP, and BF-2 (r = -0.6), DBP, and BF-3 (r = -0.6), in the changes between NOx and BF-1 (r = 0.8) and changes in NOx and DBP (r = -0.7) in TC + CC group.nnnCONCLUSIONnit was concluded that 6 months of aerobic exercise can increase the relationship between NO, BP and BF in elderly of allele C carriers.FUNDAMENTO: El polimorfismo T-786C del gen de la sintetasa del oxido nitrico endotelial (eNOS) y la produccion de anion superoxido pueden disminuir la produccion y biodisponibilidad del oxido nitrico, comprometiendo el grado de vasodilatacion, pudiendo este efecto ser revertido por el ejercicio fisico. OBJETIVO: Investigar la influencia del entrenamiento aerobico y del polimorfismo T-786C en las concentraciones de los metabolitos del oxido nitrico (NOx), en el flujo sanguineo (FS) y en la presion arterial (PA). METODOS: Treinta y dos anosas prehipertensas (59 ± 6 anos) fueron separadas en dos grupos de acuerdo con el polimorfismo T-786C (TT y TC+CC). Fueron analizadas las concentraciones de NOx (plasma) y flujo sanguineo por pletismografia de oclusion venosa en reposo, 1, 2 y 3 minutos post oclusion (FS-0, FS-1, FS-2, FS-3, respectivamente). Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas antes y despues de 6 meses de un programa de ejercicio aerobico. RESULTADOS: En las evaluaciones pre entrenamiento, los niveles de NOx fueron menores en el grupo TC+CC en relacion al grupo TT. El grupo TT presento correlaciones entre NOx y FS-0 (r = 0,6) y presion arterial diastolica (PAD) y FS-0 (r = -0,7), sin embargo ninguna correlacion fue encontrada en el grupo TC+CC. En las evaluaciones post entrenamiento, ocurrieron correlaciones entre NOx y FS-0 (r = 0,6) y en los cambios del NOx y PAD (r = -0,6) en el grupo TT. Tambien fueron obtenidas correlaciones entre PAD y FS-1 (r = -0,8), PAD y FS-2 (r = -0,6), PAD y FS-3 (r = -0,6), en los cambios entre NOx y FS-1 (r = 0,8) y cambios del NOx y PAD (r = -0,7) en el grupo TC+CC. CONCLUSION: Se concluye que 6 meses de ejercicio aerobico pueden contribuir a aumentar las relaciones existentes entre NO, PA y FS en anosas portadoras del alelo C.

Training Status as a Marker of the Relationship between Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Pressure in Older Adult Women

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of functional fitness and oxidative capacity on the nitric oxide concentration associated with hemodynamic control in older adult women. The sample consisted of 134 women (65.73 ± 6.14 years old). All subjects underwent a physical examination to assess body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat measurement by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood pressure (BP). Training status (TS) was evaluated by indirect determination of maximal oxygen uptake by a treadmill test using Balke protocol modified for older adults. Functional fitness was also evaluated through a “Functional Fitness Battery Test” to determine the general fitness functional index (GFFI). All participants were separated according to the functional fitness (TS1, very weak and weak; TS2, regular; TS3, good and very good). Plasma blood samples were used to evaluate prooxidant and antioxidant activity and nitrite and nitrate concentrations. The general results of this study showed that good levels of TS were related to lower levels of lipoperoxidation and protein damage, higher levels of antioxidant, and higher concentration of nitrite and nitrate. This combination may be responsible for the lower levels of BP in subjects with better TS.

Effect of Multicomponent Training on Blood Pressure, Nitric Oxide, Redox Status, and Physical Fitness in Older Adult Women: Influence of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS3) Haplotypes

The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of the genotype or haplotype (interaction) of the NOS3 polymorphisms [-786T>C, 894G>T (Glu298Asp), and intron 4b/a] on the response to multicomponent training (various capacities and motor skills) on blood pressure (BP), nitrite concentration, redox status, and physical fitness in older adult women. The sample consisted of 52 participants, who underwent body mass index and BP assessments. Physical fitness was evaluated by six-minute walk, elbow flexion, and sit and stand up tests. Plasma/blood samples were used to evaluate redox status, nitrite concentration, and genotyping. Associations were observed between isolated polymorphisms and the response of decreased systolic and diastolic BP and increased nitrite concentration and antioxidant activity. In the haplotype analysis, the group composed of ancestral alleles (H1) was the only one to present improvement in all variables studied (decrease in systolic and diastolic BP, improvement in nitrite concentration, redox status, and physical fitness), while the group composed of variant alleles (H8) only demonstrated improvement in some variables of redox status and physical fitness. These findings suggest that NOS3 polymorphisms and physical training are important interacting variables to consider in evaluating redox status, nitric oxide availability and production, and BP control.

Associação entre condições demográficas e socioeconômicas com a prática de exercícios e aptidão física em participantes de projetos comunitários com idade acima de 50 anos em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo

Objective:nTo investigate the association between both demographic and socioeconomic conditions with physical fitness and regular practice of physical exercises in participants of community projects, supervised by a physical education teacher. This enabled to investigate whether the adoption of an active lifestyle depends only on the personal choice or has any influence of socioeconomic factors.nnnMethods:n213 individuals aged over 50 years joined the study, and provided information about their socioeconomic status (age, gender, education/years of study, and income); usual level of physical activity (ULPA); and physical fitness, by a physical battery tests which allowed the calculation of general functional fitness index (GFFI).nnnResults:nThe generalized linear model showed that participants ranked in the highest GFFI groups (good and very good) had more years of study and higher income (p < 0.05). The multiple linear regression model complements the previous analysis, demonstrating the magnitude of the change in the GFFI in association with the years of study (group > 15), income (all groups) and age (p < 0.05). By means of analysis of variance, a difference between the groups was verified and longer practice of exercises (> 6 months) were also associated with education and income (p < 0.05); among the groups with exercise practice whether greater than or equal to six months, that supervised showed better results in the GFFI (p < 0.05).nnnConclusion:nThe association between variables strengthens the hypothesis that adherence and maintenance of physical exercise might not be only dependent of individuals choice, but also the socioeconomic factors, which can influence the choice for any active lifestyle.

Efecto del ejercicio físico y del polimorfismo T-786C en la presión arterial y en el flujo sanguíneo de añosas

BACKGROUNDnthe T-786C polymorphism of the gene for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and superoxide anion production may reduce production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, affecting the degree of vasodilation. This effect can be reversed by exercise.nnnOBJECTIVEnto investigate the influence of aerobic training and T-786C polymorphism in the concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) in blood flow (BF) and blood pressure (BP).nnnMETHODSnthirty-two elderly pre-hypertensive women (59 ± 6 years old) were divided into two groups according to the T-786C polymorphism (TT and TC + CC). We analyzed the concentrations of NOx (plasma) and blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography at rest, 1, 2 and 3 minutes post-occlusion (BF-0, BF-1 BF-2 BF-3, respectively). Evaluations were performed before and after 6 months of a program of aerobic exercise.nnnRESULTSnIn the pre-training evaluations, NOx levels were lower in TC + CC group than in TT group. The TT group showed correlations between NOx and BF-0 (r = 0.6) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BF-0 (r = -0.7), but no correlation was found in TC + CC group. In the post-training evaluations, there were correlations between NOx and BF-0 (r = 0.6) and the changes in NOx and DBP (r = -0.6) in TT group. There were also correlations between DBP and BF-1 (r = -0.8), DBP, and BF-2 (r = -0.6), DBP, and BF-3 (r = -0.6), in the changes between NOx and BF-1 (r = 0.8) and changes in NOx and DBP (r = -0.7) in TC + CC group.nnnCONCLUSIONnit was concluded that 6 months of aerobic exercise can increase the relationship between NO, BP and BF in elderly of allele C carriers.FUNDAMENTO: El polimorfismo T-786C del gen de la sintetasa del oxido nitrico endotelial (eNOS) y la produccion de anion superoxido pueden disminuir la produccion y biodisponibilidad del oxido nitrico, comprometiendo el grado de vasodilatacion, pudiendo este efecto ser revertido por el ejercicio fisico. OBJETIVO: Investigar la influencia del entrenamiento aerobico y del polimorfismo T-786C en las concentraciones de los metabolitos del oxido nitrico (NOx), en el flujo sanguineo (FS) y en la presion arterial (PA). METODOS: Treinta y dos anosas prehipertensas (59 ± 6 anos) fueron separadas en dos grupos de acuerdo con el polimorfismo T-786C (TT y TC+CC). Fueron analizadas las concentraciones de NOx (plasma) y flujo sanguineo por pletismografia de oclusion venosa en reposo, 1, 2 y 3 minutos post oclusion (FS-0, FS-1, FS-2, FS-3, respectivamente). Las evaluaciones fueron realizadas antes y despues de 6 meses de un programa de ejercicio aerobico. RESULTADOS: En las evaluaciones pre entrenamiento, los niveles de NOx fueron menores en el grupo TC+CC en relacion al grupo TT. El grupo TT presento correlaciones entre NOx y FS-0 (r = 0,6) y presion arterial diastolica (PAD) y FS-0 (r = -0,7), sin embargo ninguna correlacion fue encontrada en el grupo TC+CC. En las evaluaciones post entrenamiento, ocurrieron correlaciones entre NOx y FS-0 (r = 0,6) y en los cambios del NOx y PAD (r = -0,6) en el grupo TT. Tambien fueron obtenidas correlaciones entre PAD y FS-1 (r = -0,8), PAD y FS-2 (r = -0,6), PAD y FS-3 (r = -0,6), en los cambios entre NOx y FS-1 (r = 0,8) y cambios del NOx y PAD (r = -0,7) en el grupo TC+CC. CONCLUSION: Se concluye que 6 meses de ejercicio aerobico pueden contribuir a aumentar las relaciones existentes entre NO, PA y FS en anosas portadoras del alelo C.