André D’Hoore

Anal Fistula Plug for Closure of Difficult Anorectal Fistula: A Prospective Study

PurposeComplex high and recurrent fistulas remain a surgical challenge. Simple division, i.e., fistulotomy, will likely result in fecal incontinence. Various surgical treatment options for these fistulas have shown disappointing results. Recently a biologic anal fistula plug was developed to treat these high transsphincteric fistulas. To assess the results of the anal fistula plug in patients with complex high perianal fistulas, a prospective, two-center, clinical study was undertaken.MethodsBetween April 2006 and October 2006, a consecutive series of patients with difficult therapy-resistant high fistulas were enrolled. During surgery, the internal fistula tract opening was identified. A conical shaped collagen plug was pulled through the fistula tract. Any remaining portion of the plug that was not implanted in the tract was removed. The plug was fixed at the internal opening with a deep 3/0 polydioxanone suture.ResultsSeventeen patients with a median age of 45 (range, 27–75) years were included. Of these patients, 71 percent (12/17) were male. At a median length of follow-up of 7 (range, 3–9) months, 7 of 17 fistulas had healed (41 percent). In ten patients, the fistula recurred.ConclusionsIn these small series of 17 patients with difficult high perianal fistulas, a success rate of 41 percent is noted. Larger series, preferably in trial setting, must be performed to establish the efficacy of the anal fistula plug in perianal fistula.

Outcomes for case-matched single-port colectomy are comparable with conventional laparoscopic colectomy

Aim  With the introduction of single‐port surgery, expected advantages are improved cosmesis, decrease of pain and shorter length of stay. The aim of this study was to compare early outcomes of single‐port colectomy with those of conventional laparoscopic colectomy.

European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation Topical Review on Prediction, Diagnosis and Management of Fibrostenosing Crohn’s Disease

This ECCO topical review of the European Crohns and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] focused on prediction, diagnosis, and management of fibrostenosing Crohns disease [CD]. The objective was to achieve evidence-supported, expert consensus that provides guidance for clinical practice.

V-Y BILATERAL GLUTEUS MAXIMUS MYOCUTANEOUS ADVANCEMENT FLAP IN THE RECONSTRUCTION OF LARGE PERINEAL DEFECTS AFTER RESECTION OF PELVIC MALIGNANCIES

Objective  To evaluate the role of the V‐Y bilateral gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap (GLM) in the reconstruction of large perineal defects after wide surgical resections for pelvic malignancies.

Laparoscopic sigmoid resection with transrectal specimen extraction: a systematic review.

Aim  A systematic review was performed to identify differences in surgical technique, postoperative morbidity, length of hospital stay and safety for procedures involving left‐sided laparoscopic colectomy with natural orifice specimen extraction.

Double blind randomized phase II study with radiation+5-fluorouracil+/-celecoxib for resectable rectal cancer

PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and efficacy of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in conjunction with preoperative chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in a double blind randomized phase II study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients of the initially planned 80 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with preoperative radiation (45 Gy; 1.8 Gy/fraction, 5 days/week) combined with 5-fluorouracil (continuous infusion, 225 mg/m(2)/day) and celecoxib (2 x 400 mg/day) or placebo. Pathological response and toxicity of study treatment were evaluated, as well as expression of COX-2 and Ki67 in tumor tissue and IL-6 in plasma as possible molecular correlates and predictors of response to treatment. RESULTS Patients treated with celecoxib tended to show a better response (61%) when compared to those treated with placebo (35%), although not significant (p=0.13). T-downstaging and N-downstaging were also slightly higher with celecoxib. Plasma IL-6 levels and intratumoral COX2 or Ki67 were altered by chemoradiation, but were not further altered by celecoxib treatment and therefore not useful for prediction of treatment benefit. Celecoxib therapy in conjunction with chemoradiation was not associated with additional toxicity and seemed to help mitigate therapy-related pain. CONCLUSIONS Addition of celecoxib to preoperative chemoradiation is feasible for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. To study the individual effect of COX-2 inhibitors on pathological response phase III studies are required.

AirSeal system insufflator to maintain a stable pneumorectum during TAMIS.

Abstract Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is typically used for treating intraluminal rectal tumors. Other applications have recently been described. We here present the use of TAMIS as a tool to treat a chronic anastomotic fistula after restorative rectal resection. A new insufflation device expected to solve the problem of maintaining a stable pneumorectum is described.

Laparoscopic natural orifice specimen extraction-colectomy: A systematic review

Over the last 20 years, laparoscopic colorectal surgery has shown equal efficacy for benign and malignant colorectal diseases when compared to open surgery. However, a laparoscopic approach reduces postoperative morbidity and shortens hospital stay. In the quest to optimize outcomes after laparoscopic colorectal surgery, reduction of access trauma could be a way to improve recovery. To date, one method to reduce access trauma is natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE). NOSE aims to reduce access trauma in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The specimen is delivered via a natural orifice and the anastomosis is created intracorporeally. Different methods are used to extract the specimen and to create a bowel anastomosis. Currently, specimens are delivered transcolonically, transrectally, transanally, or transvaginally. Each of these NOSE-procedures raises specific issues with regard to operative technique and application. The presumed benefits of NOSE-procedures are less pain, lower analgesia requirements, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, better cosmetic results, and lower incisional hernia rates. Avoidance of extraction site laparotomy is the most important characteristic of NOSE. Concerns associated with the NOSE-technique include bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity, inflammatory response, and postoperative outcomes, including postoperative pain and the functional and oncologic outcomes. These issues need to be studied in prospective randomized controlled trials. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the role of NOSE in minimally invasive colorectal surgery.

Surgery for Crohn's disease in the era of biologicals: a reduced need or delayed verdict?

Crohns disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. Ultimately, up to 70% of all patients will need surgery, despite optimized medical therapy. Moreover, about half of the patients will need redo-surgery because of disease recurrence. The introduction of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs (Infliximab in 1998) revolutionized the treatment of CD. Different randomized trials assessed the efficacy of anti-TNF treatment not only to induce, but also to maintain, steroid-free remission. Furthermore, these agents can rapidly lead to mucosal healing. This aspect is important, as it is a major predictor for long-term disease control. Subgroup analyses of responding patients seemed to suggest a reduction in the need for surgery at median-term follow up (1-3 years). However if one looks at population surveys, one does not observe any decline in the need for surgery since the introduction of Infliximab in 1998. The short follow-up term and the exclusion of patients with imminent surgical need in the randomized trials could bias the results. Only 60% of patients respond to induction of anti-TNF therapy, moreover, some patients will actually develop resistance to biologicals. Many patients are diagnosed when stenosing disease has already occurred, obviating the need for biological therapy. In a further attempt to change the actual course of the disease, top down strategies have been progressively implemented. Whether this will indeed obviate surgery for a substantial group of patients remains unclear. For the time being, surgery will still play a pivotal role in the treatment of CD.

Pelvic Exenterations for Gynecological Malignancies: A Study of 36 Cases

Objective Evaluation of surgical outcomes, survival, and morbidity associated with pelvic exenteration (PE) performed for gynecologic malignancies. Methods Review of 36 consecutive patients who underwent PE between June 1999 and April 2010. Results Pelvic exenteration was performed for cancer of the cervix (n = 18), endometrium (n = 9), vagina/vulva (n = 8), and ovary (n = 1). Four patients underwent PE as primary treatment and 32 patients for recurrent disease after pelvic radiotherapy. Median age was 57 years (range, 35–81 years). Bricker (n = 17), Mainz pouch (n = 10), and augmentation after bladder resection (n = 6) were used as urinary derivations. J-pouch coloanal anastomosis was performed in 14, colostomy in 13, and side-to-end anastomosis in 4 patients. There was no operative mortality. The most important postoperative complications were rectovaginal fistula (5), urinary leakage (2), vesicovaginal fistula (1), and sepsis (3). One of the 6 patients with a partial cystectomy developed a vesicovaginal fistula, which was successfully treated with a Martius flap. With a median follow-up of 78 months (range, 2–131) months, the 5-year overall and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 44% and 52%, respectively. Five-year DSS for cervical, endometrial, and vaginal/vulvar cancer was 44%, 80%, and 57%, respectively. Combined operative and radiotherapeutic treatment (CORT) was performed in 3 patients with pelvic side wall relapse. Of the 15 patients 65 years or older, a 5-year DSS of 71% was observed in comparison with 42% in the younger subgroup, and their complication rates were similar to the younger patient group. Thirteen patients (36%) reported to have psychological disturbances associated with stoma-related problems. Only 3 patients requested a vaginal reconstruction during follow-up. Conclusions Pelvic exenteration offers a sustained survival with an acceptable morbidity in patients with advanced or recurrent gynecologic cancer. Older age was not associated with higher morbidity/mortality in this series.