Andre Leschke

Vehicle-to-Vehicle IEEE 802.11p performance measurements at urban intersections

During the last few years, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) wireless communication has become a key objective for enabling future cooperative safety applications, such as intersection collision warning. In this paper, we present the results of a 5.9 GHz V2V performance measurement campaign at four different urban intersections under NLOS conditions using commercial off-the-shelf wireless interface cards which meet the 802.11p and ITS-G5 specifications. Particularly, we quantify the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and received signal strength indication (RSSI) levels associated with different scenario conditions with respect to vehicle positioning, intersection geometry and traffic density. We determine reliable communication ranges which constitute an important metric for V2V collision avoidance applications.

Reliability analysis of vehicle-to-vehicle applications based on real world measurements

Safety applications are envisioned to be the first Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) applications delivered to the mass market in the near future. In this paper, we address the question of achievable application-level reliability while operating over the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) channel. We advocate, that this reliability is a cumulative metric, which combines the main application operational requirements bounded with network performance metrics. In this context, we focus on (i) required information freshness and communication range, as main communication performance requirements and (ii) path prediction error, as application operational requirement. We present a novel simulation approach towards quantifying these metrics based on MATLAB vehicle dynamics models coupled with a driver reaction model. The input data for the simulation study is obtained empirically through real world experiments. This allows us to achieve numerical results with high accuracy. Further, based on data gathered in extensive real world measurement campaigns, we assess application-level reliability under different realistic conditions and perform a feasibility analysis of various NLOS scenarios while showing their potential for future V2V applications on the example of the Intersection Collision Warning (ICW). Finally, we investigate whether the packet delivery ratio (PDR) is capable to capture application-level reliability adequately and compare it with the metrics proposed in this work.

Large-Scale Evaluation of an Active Safety Algorithm with EuroNCAP and US NCAP Scenarios in a Virtual Test Environment -- An Industrial Case Study

Context: Recently, test protocols from organizations like European New Car Assessment Programme (EuroNCAP) were extended to also cover active safety systems. Objective: The official EuroNCAP test protocol for Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB)/Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems explicitly defines to what extent a Vehicle-Under-Test (VUT) is allowed to vary in its lateral position. In addition, the United States New Car Assessment Programme (US NCAP) test protocol has broader tolerance ranges. The goal for automotive OEMs is to understand the impact of such allowed variations on a the overall vehicles performance. Method: A simulation-based approach is outlined that allows systematic, large-scale analysis of such influences to effectively plan time-consuming and resource-intense real-world vehicle tests. Our models allow a profound analysis of an AEB algorithm by modeling and conducting more than 3,000 simulation runs with EuroNCAPs dynamic CCRm and CCRb scenarios including those with adopted USNCAP parameters. Results: Our structured analysis of such test procedures involving dynamic actors is the first of its kind in a relevant industrial setting. Several anomalies were unveiled under US NCAP conditions to support real-world test runs. Hence, we could show that the proposed method supports all possible scenarios in AEB consumer tests and scales as we had to timely process approx. 7.7GB of simulation data. Conclusion: To achieve the expected performance and to study a systems behavior in potential misuse cases from a functional point of view, large scale, model-based simulations complement traditional testing on proving ground.

Simulations on Consumer Tests: A Systematic Evaluation Approach in an Industrial Case Study

Context: Consumer tests which assess safety features of modern vehicles have a tradition in Europe. Recently, such test protocols have been substantially extended to also cover active safety systems like Volkswagens Front Assist.