André Luis Santos Resende

Infestação natural de moscas frugívoras (Diptera: Tephritoidea) em café arábica, sob cultivo orgânico arborizado e a pleno sol, em Valença, RJ

Frugivorous flies have been acquiring great economic importance in coffee crop because they cause premature dropping of coffee beans and significantly decrease the quality of the beverage. The coffee plant is also a natural reservoir of Tephritidae species that infest fruits of economic importance. This study evaluated the influence of the shaded and unshaded coffee systems, under organic management, on the natural infestation of fruits of Coffea arabica L. var. Icatu Amarelo by frugivorous flies. An experiment in completely randomized design was carried out in Valenca, RJ, Brazil, with two treatments (shaded coffee with Musa sp. and Erithrina verna Vell. and unshaded coffee monoculture) and four replicates. A 1kg-sample of maturing fruits per plot was harvested in Mach 2004 to evaluate infestation and identify the flies. The mean infestation index was significantly higher in the shaded coffee system. Four species of Tephritidae (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi), and six of Lonchaeidae (Neosilba pendula (Bezzi), Neosilba pseudopendula (Korytkowski and Ojeda), Neosilba certa (Walker), Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann), Neosilba n.sp.9 and Neosilba n.sp.10) were recovered from coffee fruits. Nine parasitoid species were obtained, six belonging to Braconidae (Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szepligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szepligeti), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), Opius bellus Gahan and Opius sp.), and three to Figitidae (Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethes), Dicerataspis flavipes (Kieffer) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier). The total percent parasitism was 8.8% and 12.4% in the shaded and unshaded coffee systems, respectively.Frugivorous flies have been acquiring great economic importance in coffee crop because they cause premature dropping of coffee beans and significantly decrease the quality of the beverage. The coffee plant is also a natural reservoir of Tephritidae species that infest fruits of economic importance. This study evaluated the influence of the shaded and unshaded coffee systems, under organic management, on the natural infestation of fruits of Coffea arabica L. var. Icatu Amarelo by frugivorous flies. An experiment in completely randomized design was carried out in Valença, RJ, Brazil, with two treatments (shaded coffee with Musa sp. and Erithrina verna Vell. and unshaded coffee monoculture) and four replicates. A 1kg-sample of maturing fruits per plot was harvested in Mach 2004 to evaluate infestation and identify the flies. The mean infestation index was significantly higher in the shaded coffee system. Four species of Tephritidae (Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi), and six of Lonchaeidae (Neosilba pendula (Bezzi), Neosilba pseudopendula (Korytkowski and Ojeda), Neosilba certa (Walker), Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann), Neosilba n.sp.9 and Neosilba n.sp.10) were recovered from coffee fruits. Nine parasitoid species were obtained, six belonging to Braconidae (Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), Opius bellus Gahan and Opius sp.), and three to Figitidae (Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Dicerataspis flavipes (Kieffer) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier). The total percent parasitism was 8.8% and 12.4% in the shaded and unshaded coffee systems, respectively.

Primeiro registro de Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e sua associação com insetos predadores, parasitóides e formigas em couve (Cruciferae) no Brasil

This study describes the fauna of predator insects, parasitoids and ants associated with aphids on kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala D.C.) in organic system. The aphid was identified as Lipaphis pseudobrassicae Davis, and this is the first record of the species attacking kale in Brazil. Primary parasitism by Diaeretiella sp. and Aphidius sp. and hyperparasitism by Aphydencyrtus sp., Alloxysta sp., Pachyneuron sp. and Syrphophagus sp. were observed. Twenty species of Coccinellidae were collected, and eight of them were observed in adult and larval stages attacking the aphid: Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva Mulsant, which was the most abundant (72.5% of all predator insects obtained), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Eriopis connexa Germar, Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer, Hippodamia convergens Guérin, Heterodiomus sp., Scymnus (Pullus) sp.1 and Scymnus (Pullus) sp.2. Aphidophagous Syrphidae larvae collected on leaves ofkale infested by L. pseudobrassicae belong to the species Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann) and Ocyptamus gastrostactus (Wiedemann). Larvae and pupae of Syrphidae were parasitized by Pachyneuron sp., Syrphophagus sp. and Diplazon laetatorius Fabricius. Larvae of Chrysopodes sp. were observed feeding on L. pseudobrassicae. Species of ants associated with the colony of this aphid were Ectatomma quadridens Fabricius and Pheidole sp.

Diversidade de Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) em plantas aromáticas (Apiaceae) como sítios de sobrevivência e reprodução em sistema agroecológico

Studies show that Apiaceae may provide concentrated vital resources for predator insects, stimulating their abundance, diversity and persistence in agricultural systems, thereby increasing their efficiency as biological control agents. Among the predatory insects, Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) on many different species both as larvae and adults, complementing their diet with pollen and/or nectar. This study aimed to determine the diversity and relative abundance of Coccinellidae species visiting plants of Anethum graveolens (dill), Coriandrum sativum (coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare (sweet fennel) (all Apiaceae), particularly in their blooming seasons, and to evaluate the potential of these aromatic species for providing the resources for survivorship and reproduction of coccinelids. Coccinellids were collected by removal of samplings from September to October, 2007. Besides one unidentified species of Chilocorinae, five species of Coccinellinae were collected: Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata (Schonherr), Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), Eriopis connexa (Germar) and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville. Dill provided a significant increase in the abundance of coccinellids as compared to coriander and sweet fennel. These aromatic species were used by coccinellids as survival and reproduction sites, providing food resources (pollen and/or prey), shelter for larvae, pupae and adults, and mating and oviposition sites as well.

Consórcio couve-coentro em cultivo orgânico e sua influência nas populações de joaninhas

O consorcio de culturas e comumente praticado na producao de hortalicas devido a diversos beneficios economicos. Em alguns casos, podem reduzir infestacoes de pragas por favorecer a conservacao dos inimigos naturais nos agroecossistemas. Avaliou-se a viabilidade agronomica do consorcio de couve e coentro, sob manejo orgânico, com base em parâmetros fitotecnicos, alem de sua influencia sobre populacoes de joaninhas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), na comparacao com os respectivos cultivos solteiros. O coentro, representando a cultura secundaria, foi utilizado com a finalidade de fornecer recursos para as joaninhas. O estudo foi realizado em area do Sistema Integrado de Producao Agroecologica em Seropedica-RJ. O experimento consistiu dos consorcios: 1) couve consorciada com coentro, cujas quatro linhas de plantas foram colhidas na fase vegetativa (consorcio I), e 2) couve consorciada com coentro, cujas plantas das duas linhas internas (proximas a linha da couve) foram colhidas na fase vegetativa e as duas linhas externas foram cortadas apos floracao (consorcio II). Em ambos consorcios foram avaliados os parâmetros fitotecnicos da couve e do coentro na fase vegetativa (padrao comercial), enquanto que no consorcio II, tambem se avaliou as populacoes de joaninhas, por meio de coletas semanais de adultos, em comparacao com a couve em cultivo solteiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeticoes. O coentro nao interferiu na produtividade da couve consorciada e sua introducao contribuiu positivamente para a abundância e diversidade de especies de joaninhas. O indice de equivalencia de area para o consorcio I, com referencia aos rendimentos de biomassa aerea fresca, foi superior em 92% em relacao ao cultivo solteiro. Este resultado demonstra a viabilidade do consorcio I, no manejo orgânico adotado, para plantios de outono nas condicoes edafoclimaticas da Baixada Fluminense.