Andre Valente

Building and (re)using an ontology of air campaign planning

This article presents a case study in building and (re)using an ontology in a specific application domain-air campaign planning. The article describes the common ontology built to serve as a basis for knowledge sharing and discusses several issues raised in its construction.

Tactical Language and Culture Training Systems: Using AI to Teach Foreign Languages and Cultures

The Tactical Language and Culture Training System (TLCTS) helps people quickly acquire communicative skills in foreign languages and cultures. More than 40,000 learners worldwide have used TLCTS courses. TLCTS utilizes artificial intelligence technologies during the authoring process, and at run time to process learner speech, engage in dialog, and evaluate and assess learner performance. This paper describes the architecture of TLCTS and the artificial intelligence technologies that it employs, and presents results from multiple evaluation studies that demonstrate the benefits of learning foreign language and culture using this approach.

Legal modeling and automated reasoning with ON—LINE

Abstract In this paper we present a modeling approach to legal knowledge systems and its computational realization in the ON-LINE architecture. ON-LINE has modules for modeling legal sources, for storing and retrieving legal information and for reasoning with legal knowledge. The approach takes two perspectives: domain and task. In the domain perspective, a core ontology divides legal knowledge into five major categories: normative, world, responsibility, reactive and creative. For the normative knowledge, which is most typical of legal domains, we developed a new representation and inference formalisms which are an alternative to deontic logic. For the world knowledge, we argue for using a terminological knowledge representation language. The structure of the ontology is not a taxonomy, but a network of dependencies between the categories. These dependencies reflect the global structure of arguments in legal reasoning. In the task perspective, we followed a top-down approach using the CommonKADS modeling library. Design, planning and assessment were identified as typical tasks in the legal domain. For assessment, a model was specified and implemented.

Legal Ontologies in Knowledge Engineering and Information Management

In this article we describe two core ontologies of law that specify knowledge that is common to all domains of law. The first one, FOLaw describes and explains dependencies between types of knowledge in legal reasoning; the second one, LRI-Core ontology, captures the main concepts in legal information processing. Although FOLaw has shown to be of high practical value in various applied European ICT projects, its reuse is rather limited as it is rather concerned with the structure of legal reasoning than with legal knowledge itself: as many other “legal core ontologies”, FOLaw is therefore rather an epistemological framework than an ontology. Therefore, we also developed LRI-Core. As we argue here that legal knowledge is based to a large extend on common-sense knowledge, LRI-Core is particularly inspired by research on abstract common-sense concepts. The main categories of LRI-Core are: physical, mental and abstract concepts. Roles cover in particular social worlds. Another special category are occurrences; terms that denote events and situations. We illustrate the use of LRI-Core with an ontology for Dutch criminal law, developed in the e-Court European project.

A library of system-derived problem-solving methods for planning

Constructing a planner for a particular application is a difficult job, for which little concrete support is currently available. The literature on planning is overwhelming and there exists no clear synthesis of the various planning methods which could be used by knowledge engineers. The contribution of this paper concerns an approach to provide concrete support for engineering planning systems. We use modern knowledge modeling approaches to analyse planning systems described in the literature. The analysis yields a detailed description of these planning systems in terms of the domain knowledge they use and the problem-solving methods they comprise. We show how the result of the analysis can be considered as a library of system-derived problem-solving methods for planning. This library consists of planning problem-solving methods along with their assumptions, which describe the applicability conditions on the domain knowledge of the methods. We describe how the library supports knowledge engineers in building planning systems and present two implemented tools based on the approach.

SWWS 2005 PC co-chairs’ message

Welcome to the Proceedings of the first IFIP WG 2.12 & WG 12.4 International Workshop on Web Semantics (SWWS’05). This book reflects the issues raised and presented during the SWWS workshop which proves to be an interdisciplinary forum for subject matters involving the theory and practice of web semantics. A special session on Regulatory Ontologies has been organized to allow researcher of different backgrounds (such as Law, Business, Ontologies, artificial intelligence, philosophy, and lexical semantics) to meet and exchange ideas. This first year, a total of 35 papers were submitted to SWWS. Each submission was reviewed by at least two experts. The papers were judged according to their originality, validity, significance to theory and practice, readability and organization, and relevancy to the workshop topics and beyond. This resulted in the selection of 18 papers for presentation at the workshop and publication in this proceedings. We feel that these Proceedings will inspire further research and create an intense following. The Program Committee comprised: Aldo Gangemi, Amit Sheth, Androod Nikvesh, Mihaela Ulieru, Mohand-Said Hacid, Mukesh Mohania, Mustafa Jarrar, Nicola Guarino, Peter Spyns, Pieree Yves Schobbens, Qing Li, Radboud Winkels, Ramasamy Uthurusamy, Richard Benjamins, Rita Temmerman, Robert Meersman, Robert Tolksdorf, Said Tabet, Stefan Decker, Susan Urban, Tharam Dillon, Trevor Bench-Capon, Usuama Fayed, Valentina Tamma, Wil van der Aalst, York Sure, and Zahir Tari.