Andrea Bassanini

Training, wages and employment security: an empirical analysis on European data

Data from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) are used to assess the effects of employee training on the average wage and employment security of different labour market groups in EU countries. Significant training wage premia are found only in the case of young or highly educated employees. By contrast training appears to have a strong impact on employment security, measured through subjective measures, in the case of both older and low-educated workers. To reconcile this apparent contradiction, one needs to take into account that, as standard in the literature, wage premia are estimated on a truncated sample including only employed workers. Due to downward wage rigidity, those workers who are unable to maintain their productivity are more frequently laid-off – rather than experiencing a wage fall and be retained in employment – and thereby excluded from the sample.

Is Training More Frequent When the Wage Premium is Smaller

According to Becker [1964], when labour markets are perfectly competitive, general training is paid by the worker, who reaps all the benefits from the investment. Therefore, ceteris paribus, the greater the training wage premium, the greater the investment in general training. Using data from the European Community Household Panel, we compute a proxy of the training wage premium in clusters of homogeneous workers and find that smaller premia induce greater incidence of off-site training, which is likely to impart general skills. Our findings suggest that the Becker model provides insufficient guidance to understand empirical training patterns. Conversely, they are not inconsistent with theories of training in imperfectly competitive labour markets, in which firms may be willing to finance general training if the wage structure is compressed, that is, if the increase in productivity after training is greater than the increase in pay.