Andrea Parisi Kern

Waste generated in high-rise buildings construction: A quantification model based on statistical multiple regression

Reducing construction waste is becoming a key environmental issue in the construction industry. The quantification of waste generation rates in the construction sector is an invaluable management tool in supporting mitigation actions. However, the quantification of waste can be a difficult process because of the specific characteristics and the wide range of materials used in different construction projects. Large variations are observed in the methods used to predict the amount of waste generated because of the range of variables involved in construction processes and the different contexts in which these methods are employed. This paper proposes a statistical model to determine the amount of waste generated in the construction of high-rise buildings by assessing the influence of design process and production system, often mentioned as the major culprits behind the generation of waste in construction. Multiple regression was used to conduct a case study based on multiple sources of data of eighteen residential buildings. The resulting statistical model produced dependent (i.e. amount of waste generated) and independent variables associated with the design and the production system used. The best regression model obtained from the sample data resulted in an adjusted R(2) value of 0.694, which means that it predicts approximately 69% of the factors involved in the generation of waste in similar constructions. Most independent variables showed a low determination coefficient when assessed in isolation, which emphasizes the importance of assessing their joint influence on the response (dependent) variable.

A model for integrating cost management and production planning and control in construction

Traditional cost management systems adopted by construction firms have many problems, which are widely discussed in the literature: the information provided by them is usually too late, and tends to be too aggregated and too distorted to be relevant for production management. The main objective of this research work is to propose a project cost planning and control model for construction firms. This model aims to support the development of production management systems, in which cost management and production planning and control can be gradually integrated, in order to overcome the existing limitations of cost accounting systems. The scope of the model was limited to building projects carried out by small and medium sized companies, involved in both product development and production. The development of the model was based on the literature review and also on the results of nine empirical studies conducted in four different Brazilian construction firms. The model suggests the integrated application of th...

A certificação de desempenho ambiental de prédios: exigências usuais e novas atividades na gestão da construção

Sistemas de certificacao ambiental de edificios tem sido desenvolvidos, em diversos paises, em decorrencia dos significativos impactos ambientais causados pela construcao civil. No Brasil ja existem alguns empreendimentos certificados e outros em processo de certificacao, ainda que seguindo sistemas estrangeiros. Em sintese, esses sistemas de certificacao sao compostos de criterios de avaliacao que consideram diferentes aspectos ambientais, organizados em categorias. A certificacao e concedida de acordo com o desempenho do edificio diante desses criterios. O presente artigo discute as peculiaridades na gestao da construcao de edificios candidatos a essa modalidade de certificacao, identificando-se atividades usuais e novas atividades, quando comparadas a gestao da construcao de edificios, sem o interesse na certificacao. Como estrategia de pesquisa realizou-se um estudo de caso durante a fase de producao de um predio comercial que buscou a certificacao de nivel Gold do sistema norte-americano LEED. Os resultados apontam que o sistema de certificacao exigiu atividades usualmente realizadas na fase de projeto, porem com um nivel maior de envolvimento por parte dos projetistas. Na fase de producao, alem de maiores exigencias nas atividades tradicionalmente realizadas, identificaram-se novas atividades de gestao para a empresa construtora, assim como a necessidade de disponibilizar informacoes tecnicas dos produtos por parte dos fornecedores de materiais e componentes.

Analysis of the implementation of BIM technology in project and building firms in 2015 in a Brazilian city

Las plataformas Building Information Modelling (BIM) ofrecen una amplia gama de herramientas y permiten integrar todas las disciplinas de proyecto en un modelo virtual unico. Sin embargo, el uso pleno del BIM en las oficinas requiere planeamiento e implantacion cuidadosos. El objetivo de este estudio es acompanar y analizar el proceso de implantacion de BIM en oficinas de proyecto y ejecucion de obras y compararlos con la literatura. El estudio fue realizado en cinco oficinas, comparando algunas que ya implantaran BIM y otras que estan en fase de implantacion. Se verifico en todas las oficinas que hubo una implantacion parcial de las herramientas BIM. Ocurrieran algunos problemas, tales como la necesidad de mudanzas en equipamientos y en el proceso de proyecto, que exigiran mas tiempo y costos para implantacion y entrenamiento de la equipe tecnica. Aun asi, se verifico que hubo un aumento en la calidad de concepcion y ejecucion de las obras, bien como fueran reducidas las incompatibilidades entre proyecto y ejecucion.

Propuesta de un sistema de planificación y control de residuos en la construcción

La industria de construccion genera una parte significativa de los residuos solidos generados en los centros urbanos. En parte esto se debe a la falta de una cultura de reduccion de generacion o reutilizacion de los residuos. Este sector puede mejorar esta situacion, tratando de desarrollar sistemas de gestion. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta para un sistema de gestion para planificar y controlar los residuos de la construccion en pequenas y medianas empresas de construccion. Se llevo a cabo un estudio de caso en una empresa de Novo Hamburgo, Brasil. El sistema de planeamiento y control de residuos fue desarrollado con base en el sistema de produccion existente en la empresa. El sistema propuesto fue testado en las obras de la empresa y los resultados apuntan a la viabilidad de implantacion del sistema.

Análisis del impacto de las inundaciones en el valor de las propiedades inmobiliarias en la ciudad de Lajeado, Brasil: Estudio de caso de viviendas unifamiliares

El valor de mercado de una propiedad es un parametro importante para la toma de decisiones en diversos sectores de la sociedad. La seleccion o identificacion de los aspectos que mas influyen en la variacion del valor de la propiedad es fundamental, ya que es a partir de estas consideraciones que pueden ser desarrollados modelos explicativos para la formacion del valor de la propiedad. En Lajeado, ciudad ubicada en el sur de Brasil, las inundaciones resultantes del rio Taquari son fenomenos que ocurren con cierta frecuencia. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de las inundaciones en el valor de bienes inmuebles urbanos en esta ciudad. Examinamos el segmento de viviendas unifamiliares, a traves de un modelo de precios hedonicos. Los datos se obtuvieron del mercado local de bienes raices y el modelo estadistico calculado mostro un buen rendimiento, siguiendo los requisitos del analisis de regresion. Los resultados indican que las propiedades residenciales ubicadas en zonas expuestas a inundaciones tienen un valor 16% menor que las propiedades ubicadas fuera de esas areas

Identificación de los requisitos del usuario en el sector de la construcción bajo mecanismos de descubrimiento del conocimiento

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the knowledge of real estate market can be used to support user requirement identification. A construction project well adjusted to the user requirements increase value and causes minors changes during its life cycle. As a consequence, renewal, refurbishments, and demolition are less present, reducing waste generation, reworking and material consumption. It is especially important in housing customization markets. However, one of the challenges faced by designers is frequently concerned about how properly to identify user requirements, wishes and needs, which are on the essence of the briefing phase. In this context, real estate data can be useful to designers, since it reflects the users’ evaluation of the building attributes. The research strategy uses a knowledge discovery mechanism, composed by five steps: (1) formulation of a general database; (2) specific data selection using Case-Based Reasoning; (3) enrichment of data-sample; (4) development of hedonic price models using regression analysis; and (5) simulation of the value of design alternatives. Based on an application of an hedonic price model, using data from the medium-class housing market of Porto Alegre, Brazil, the main results indicate that adjusted price models have sufficient detailing and statistical precision to support decisions in the initial stage of design.

Un estudio sobre el mejoramiento del inventario de edificios sociales con énfasis en la rehabilitación de fachadas

Some part of the stock of social housing in Brazil has deteriorted due to lack of maintenance. The depreciation of these constructions, especially in the case of housing projects, reduces the quality of environment, with social and economic consequences for inhabitants, and also for the region. Building renewal is an important action to recover the lost quality of the life. The increase in life time of housing may also reduce the construction and demolition waste production. One of the most important aspects is the facade, which influences the value of the property and the perception of the society about the inhabitants. This work presents a study of improving and facade renewal of social housing in Sao Leopoldo, a southern Brazilian city.