Andrea S. Gubik

The Choice of Foreign Market Entry Modes: The Role of Resources and Industrial Driving Forces

The objective of the paper is to analyse the effects of corporate resources, attitudes of owner/entrepreneur/manager to internationalisation and the characteristics of the business industry on the entry mode choice. Based on factor and cluster analyses the authors highlight the latent structure lying behind different variables and find typical groups of companies matching the identified factors. Providing physical resources and access to appropriate information is necessary, but not sufficient. The attitude of the owner/entrepreneur/manager to internationalisation should be improved as well so that they will be able to appear and operate successfully in international markets. Giving the right place to subjective matters in promoting internationalisation may contribute to the increase in corporate participation in different support programs. On the basis of the obtained findings, different waysof how support programs can promote the companies’ international activities and strengthen their commitments to achieving higher added values can be defined.

A tervezett magatartás elméletének alkalmazása a vállalkozói hajlandóság alakulásának magyarázatára

A vallalkozasi szandek a vallalkozova valas fontos merfoldkove. Nelkule nem ebred fel az igeny az egyenben arra, hogy sajat vallalkozast hozzon letre. A vallalkozasi aktivitas osztonzesehez fontos lehet annak kideritese, hogy milyen tenyezők formaljak a vallalkozasi szandekot, es hogyan befolyasolhato ezek alakulasa. A cikkben Icek Ajzen tervezettmagatartas-elmeletet teszteltuk strukturalis egyenletekkel, a GUESSS kutatasi projekt adatbazisanak felhasznalasaval. Tobb mint ketezer magyarorszagi főiskolai es egyetemi hallgato valaszai alapjan igazoltuk a szubjektiv normak-attitűdok-szandek-cselekves okozati lancot. Eszerint a tamogato szocialis kornyezet pozitivan befolyasolja a vallalkozasi szandekkal kapcsolatos attitűdoket. A szandek pedig erőteljesen befolyasolja a tenyleges cselekvest. Ezentul azt talaltuk, hogy a szubjektiv normak pozitiv hatast gyakorolnak az eszlelt magatartasi kontrollra, amely viszont csupan elhanyagolhato hatassal van a szandekra. Mindez azt sejteti, hogy a gyorsan alakithato vallalkozoi feltetelek (peldaul forrasbiztositas) csak korlatozottan valtoztatjak a vallalkozasinditasi elkepzeleseket.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kod: JEL: I21, I23.

A nemzetközi hallgatói mobilitás területi irányai és akadályai a Miskolci Egyetemen

Hungary joined the Erasmus program in 1998, and, by 2012, its share of outgoing students reached the European mean. Since then, however, this number declined and, starting from 2014, the country could not meet the financial quota allocated for sending students abroad. This trend, furthermore, affected Hungarian institutions differently and is especially conspicuous at the University of Miskolc. This study aims to uncover causes of declining interest, to identify mobility barriers and to give suggestions to overcome them. The study is based on a questionnaire conducted in February 2016 on all students enrolled at the University of Miskolc. A total of 225 answers were recorded, and follow-up interviews were made based on the preliminary results. In the second phase, we interviewed 15 students and 5 teaching staff members. While the raw data may suggest that there are considerable differences between answers from different departments, binomial logistic regression analysis points to other factors: students’ familiarity with the Erasmus programme and the staff responsible for it; international experience; foreign language skills; fear from the credit transfer mechanism; study level. We argue that the university might be able to improve on most of the critical factors by adopting a proper strategy. Better communication and involvement could familiarize students with Erasmus opportunities; improvements of services could help overcoming language deficiencies and credit transfer problems, and foreign study trips and international summer schools could provide them an important international experience. These suggestions would be easy to implement, however, currently they are hindered by universities’ lack of financial resources. Although the study was conducted at the University of Miskolc, our result can be useful for all Hungarian stakeholders.

Cultural Characteristics and the Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students

The goals of the paper are to analyse the relationship between the cultural dimensions and to investigate the entrepreneurial intentions and activity of university students in 21 selected OECD countries. The analysis was conducted using the GUESSS database, which also includes three cultural dimensions of the GLOBE project. We found that there is a positive correlation between the entrepreneurial intentions of students and In-Group Collectivism. Uncertainty Avoidance does not have a direct effect on entrepreneurial activity of intentions; however, it correlates positively with perceived behavioural control, which has been proved to have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions.

Characteristics of the large corporation-based, bureaucratic model among oecd countries - an foi model analysis

Abstract Deciding on the development path of the economy has been a delicate question in economic policy, not least because of the trade-off effects which immediately worsen certain economic indicators as steps are taken to improve others. The aim of the paper is to present a framework that helps decide on such policy dilemmas. This framework is based on an analysis conducted among OECD countries with the FOI model (focusing on future, outside and inside potentials). Several development models can be deduced by this method, out of which only the large corporation-based, bureaucratic model is discussed in detail. The large corporation-based, bureaucratic model implies a development strategy focused on the creation of domestic safe havens. Based on country studies, it is concluded that well-performing safe havens require the active participation of the state. We find that, in countries adhering to this model, business competitiveness is sustained through intensive public support, and an active role taken by the government in education, research and development, in detecting and exploiting special market niches, and in encouraging sectorial cooperation.