Andreas Boogaerts
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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European Security | 2018
Andreas Boogaerts
ABSTRACT EU sanctions invoked in response to the Iranian nuclear crisis (2006–2016) were long considered to be of limited effectiveness in halting Iran’s nuclear ambitions. Recently, however, sanctions seem to have contributed to a breakthrough in the negotiations over Iran’s nuclear programme. This article aims at explaining this evolution. It, therefore, designs a framework that explains why sanctions (fail to) change targets’ behaviour. Since the sanctions effectiveness literature lacks an integrated framework to explain evolutions in effective coercion, this article merges sanctions effectiveness variables and Bretherton and Vogler’s actorness criteria. Applying the resulting framework to two broad episodes of the Iranian case (2006–2013 and 2013–2016), this article provides a first test of the framework’s added value. It concludes that a full understanding of sanctions effectiveness requires consideration of external, internal, and in-between factors.
Political Studies Review | 2017
Andreas Boogaerts
the book ‘ask about the production of the earthly, from the vantage of time and temporality of the anti-colonial and postcolonial event’ (p. 16). Consequently, the book enables an analyst of the international reality to drastically shift his or her framework of analysis while positioning time as the very core element of the problematisation of international politics. This is a noteworthy contribution. The book is organised into 19 chapters and 3 sections. Its first section, titled ‘Contemporary Problematics: Tensions, Slavery, Colonization and Accumulation’, discusses themes such as temporality and insecurity, temporality and violence, ethnography and black insurgency, to name a few. The section collectively deals ‘with tensions of the neo-colonial and postcolonial event, pointing to the untimeliness of their readings’ (p. 16). Its second section, titled ‘Neoliberal Temporalities’, discusses issues like the violence of the work of migrant day labourers in Seattle and Portland, homelessness in Japan, the insecurity of the immigrant in the Mediterranean or Hurricane Katrina, to mention just a few examples. This section ‘addresses different temporalities and the ways they provide insights to think and understand a defatal present beyond the fatalisms of neoliberalism’ (p. 17). The third and final section, ‘Poetic Interventions for Social Transformation’, offers chapters containing poetry and film stills. Collectively, the section shows ‘how the colonized body takes hold in a universality of time and a universality of relations of time to disrupt the project of particularity that has never been the concern of the colonized’ (p. 19). The book is an interesting mosaic of contributions that is of great interest for all scholars and students who are either interested in perceiving a structuring – although often neglected – element of the international reality, or seriously engaged in rethinking the way international politics is problematised.
Political Studies Review | 2017
Andreas Boogaerts
presence of many different transnational actors in the international system today. The book addresses questions that are central both to the field of International Relations and to the practice of foreign policy-making, and therefore it will be valuable not only for those studying foreign policy in an academic context but also for practitioners at all levels. In addition, the book constitutes a useful guide for further reading; the reader will find a list of relevant sources at the end of each chapter.
Political Studies Review | 2017
Andreas Boogaerts
presence of many different transnational actors in the international system today. The book addresses questions that are central both to the field of International Relations and to the practice of foreign policy-making, and therefore it will be valuable not only for those studying foreign policy in an academic context but also for practitioners at all levels. In addition, the book constitutes a useful guide for further reading; the reader will find a list of relevant sources at the end of each chapter.
Political Studies Review | 2016
Andreas Boogaerts
concise presentation of the published literature and unpublished insights on Al-Shabaab and its role in Somalia and beyond. The book enables the reader to see how and why Al-Shabaab was able to transform from a network of 33 individuals in 2005 to the most successful al-Qa’eda affiliate which would become the first such organisation to administer a large territory by 2009. The book shows that the failure of the secular Somali state, the resurgence of religiosity, the weakening of the much-loathed warlords, an Ethiopian occupier that indiscriminately shelled crowded neighbourhoods, debilitating corruption and the ineffectiveness of the Transitional Federal Government as well as the inability of the international community to build a Somali security force did much to aid the rise of Al-Shabaab. However, Al-Shabaab is credited for providing unmatched levels of security and justice, balancing between a globalist ideology, local concerns and clan politics, and maintaining a centralised/unified structure, factors which remained important for its endurance. While providing hitherto the most detailed and comprehensive account of Al-Shabaab, the author manages to keep the entire book engaging and easy to read. The book is easily the best publication on its topic. The work also contains a detailed glimpse into the daily running of an Islamist-Jihadi state, equipped with its own foundation myth, institutions of the purse, the sword and the law, and actors ranging from the self-righteous to the profane. While the book is written about a history that is still being made, it successfully identifies the factors that will determine its course. The author ends with a warning that, although Al-Shabaab is militarily weak, it is still a potent actor with the potential to wreak havoc not only in East Africa but also globally.
Political Studies Review | 2016
Andreas Boogaerts
concise presentation of the published literature and unpublished insights on Al-Shabaab and its role in Somalia and beyond. The book enables the reader to see how and why Al-Shabaab was able to transform from a network of 33 individuals in 2005 to the most successful al-Qa’eda affiliate which would become the first such organisation to administer a large territory by 2009. The book shows that the failure of the secular Somali state, the resurgence of religiosity, the weakening of the much-loathed warlords, an Ethiopian occupier that indiscriminately shelled crowded neighbourhoods, debilitating corruption and the ineffectiveness of the Transitional Federal Government as well as the inability of the international community to build a Somali security force did much to aid the rise of Al-Shabaab. However, Al-Shabaab is credited for providing unmatched levels of security and justice, balancing between a globalist ideology, local concerns and clan politics, and maintaining a centralised/unified structure, factors which remained important for its endurance. While providing hitherto the most detailed and comprehensive account of Al-Shabaab, the author manages to keep the entire book engaging and easy to read. The book is easily the best publication on its topic. The work also contains a detailed glimpse into the daily running of an Islamist-Jihadi state, equipped with its own foundation myth, institutions of the purse, the sword and the law, and actors ranging from the self-righteous to the profane. While the book is written about a history that is still being made, it successfully identifies the factors that will determine its course. The author ends with a warning that, although Al-Shabaab is militarily weak, it is still a potent actor with the potential to wreak havoc not only in East Africa but also globally.
Political Studies Review | 2016
Andreas Boogaerts
In its effort to win the hearts and minds of undergraduate students, the discipline of International Relations has undertaken a radical expansion of its pedagogical toolkit in the past two and a half decades. On the one hand, these transformations have been spurred by confrontation with the complexity of post-Cold War world affairs. On the other hand, such changes have been driven by the need to catch up with the ever more pervasive involvement of technology in everyday lives. As a result, popular culture has become an increasingly prevalent medium for introducing IR concepts, paradigms and perspectives in the classroom. Films, in particular, have proven to be an increasingly popular artefact for teaching IR. Stephen Benedict Dyson’s book contributes to this project by focusing on three of the genredefining science fiction films: Start Trek, Game of Thrones and Battlestar Galactica. As his analysis demonstrates, apart from facilitating teaching and bringing what otherwise might be perceived as dry concepts to life, films, as products of visual culture, play an important role in framing global outlooks and perceptions of appropriate (and inappropriate) international behaviour. In particular, science fiction films play an important part in constructing popular imaginaries about how we relate with others – regardless of whether they are extra-terrestrials or immigrants. Such forays into popular culture therefore demonstrate that IR, just like films, is made up of stories – of narratives that make the unfamiliar intelligible. The difference is that in films we call such narratives plots, while in IR we call them theories. Such an approach assists students not only to come to grips with the conceptual toolkit of the study of world affairs but also to gain insights into the ways in which analytical models both assist in the explanation and understanding of international interactions and play an important role in structuring which relations become visible. In this way, Dyson’s book cogently demonstrates that films not only reflect but also affect political realities. At the same time, while focusing on the products of visual culture, the volume poignantly emphasises the significance of transforming the classroom environment into a space that allows students to question perceived wisdom on the basis of their own knowledge and experience. The breadth and depth of Dyson’s book makes it an extremely valuable textbook for teaching IR and a reference resource for anyone looking for thoughtful engagement with the complex interactions between films and world politics.
Political Studies Review | 2016
Andreas Boogaerts
In its effort to win the hearts and minds of undergraduate students, the discipline of International Relations has undertaken a radical expansion of its pedagogical toolkit in the past two and a half decades. On the one hand, these transformations have been spurred by confrontation with the complexity of post-Cold War world affairs. On the other hand, such changes have been driven by the need to catch up with the ever more pervasive involvement of technology in everyday lives. As a result, popular culture has become an increasingly prevalent medium for introducing IR concepts, paradigms and perspectives in the classroom. Films, in particular, have proven to be an increasingly popular artefact for teaching IR. Stephen Benedict Dyson’s book contributes to this project by focusing on three of the genredefining science fiction films: Start Trek, Game of Thrones and Battlestar Galactica. As his analysis demonstrates, apart from facilitating teaching and bringing what otherwise might be perceived as dry concepts to life, films, as products of visual culture, play an important role in framing global outlooks and perceptions of appropriate (and inappropriate) international behaviour. In particular, science fiction films play an important part in constructing popular imaginaries about how we relate with others – regardless of whether they are extra-terrestrials or immigrants. Such forays into popular culture therefore demonstrate that IR, just like films, is made up of stories – of narratives that make the unfamiliar intelligible. The difference is that in films we call such narratives plots, while in IR we call them theories. Such an approach assists students not only to come to grips with the conceptual toolkit of the study of world affairs but also to gain insights into the ways in which analytical models both assist in the explanation and understanding of international interactions and play an important role in structuring which relations become visible. In this way, Dyson’s book cogently demonstrates that films not only reflect but also affect political realities. At the same time, while focusing on the products of visual culture, the volume poignantly emphasises the significance of transforming the classroom environment into a space that allows students to question perceived wisdom on the basis of their own knowledge and experience. The breadth and depth of Dyson’s book makes it an extremely valuable textbook for teaching IR and a reference resource for anyone looking for thoughtful engagement with the complex interactions between films and world politics.
Journal of International Relations and Development | 2018
Andreas Boogaerts
Political Studies Review | 2015
Andreas Boogaerts
