Andreas Folkers

Daring the Truth: Foucault, Parrhesia and the Genealogy of Critique

This paper draws attention to Foucault’s genealogy of critique. In a series of inquiries, Foucault traced the origins and trajectories of critical practices from the ancient tradition of parrhesia to the enlightenment and the (neo)liberal critique of the state. The paper will elucidate the insights of this history and argue that Foucault’s turn to the genealogy of critique also changed the valence of his theoretical assumptions. Foucault developed a more affirmative practice of genealogy that not only discredits truth claims by tracing them back to their inglorious origins. Rather, he presents a politics of truth as a complex interaction of (governmental) power-knowledge and critique that questions the power effects of truth and rationality. This genealogy of critique contributes to current problematizations of critique by thinkers like Boltanski, Latour and Rancière in highlighting the role of epistemological and technical critique of social rationalization and political reason.

Existential provisions: The technopolitics of public infrastructure

The paper provides a technopolitical analysis of public infrastructure by attending to the ways large technical systems became a political problem and how the development of infrastructure has inflected biopower, territoriality and security. It seeks to deepen the historical understanding of technopolitics by exploring the concept of Daseinsvorsorge (existential provision), which served as a crucial framework guiding public infrastructure provisions in Germany. Daseinsvorsorge provides a particularly revealing lens through which to examine questions of technopolitics, since it makes it possible to illuminate the dis/continuities in the government of infrastructure between three distinct political regimes: Nazi Germany, the post-war Federal Republic and contemporary Germany. The concept first became operative in post-war Germany, but it had emerged during the Third Reich in the work of Carl Schmitt’s disciple Ernst Forsthoff. Forsthoff identified steps towards Daseinsvorsorge in Nazi infrastructure planning, which was part and parcel of war mobilization, and borrowed tropes from the geopolitical imaginary of Nazi Germany like Lebensraum. After the war, Daseinsvorsorge aimed at establishing equal living conditions within Germany. With European integration and the privatization of infrastructure, the norms and forms of Daseinsvorsorge eroded without vanishing, since they surface in modified ways in EU guidelines and in critical infrastructure protection.

After virtù and fortuna: Foucault on the government of economic events

The field of governmentality studies extends the analysis of power relations beyond the state, and has thereby widened the understanding of government. However, the dominant conceptualization of governmentality as conduct of conduct and the empirical focus on subjectivating modes of power limit the potential of the governmentality approach. In this paper I want to explore the possibilities of transcending this perspective by redescribing governmentality as event management. I will therefore draw attention to a couple of remarks on the government of events in Foucaults lectures on the history of governmentality. Foucault identifies a new mode of governing events in the texts of the Physiocrats, which he contrasts with the Machiavellian paradigm of virtù and fortuna. In contrast to Machiavellis political concept of governing the eventful by relying on the virtuosity of the prince, the Physiocrats develop a genuinely economic rationality of event management based on the assumption that markets establish a nexus in which economic events are mutually neutralized. As I will show, this economic and proto-liberal concept of governing events is still present in neoliberalism, especially in the governmentality of financial markets. However, in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis, critics associated with the neoliberal thought collective have (again) challenged this vision of mutual event neutralization by emphasizing the possibility of event amplification. Understanding governmentality as event management thus helps to analyze and critique current attempts to govern economic and financial crisis.

Continuity and catastrophe: business continuity management and the security of financial operations

Abstract This paper discusses business continuity management (BCM) and its role in contemporary financial institutions. BCM is a nascent disaster preparedness and recovery strategy that seeks to protect vital business operations from disruptions. The paper traces contemporary BCM back to Cold War continuity of government planning, and shows how BCM came to comprehend security as continuity of processes rather than integrity of goods. BCM is prominent in finance because it promises to mitigate operational risks, and it focuses on risks stemming from interdependencies in financial infrastructures. By engaging with two events that triggered continuity management in banks, Hurricane Sandy in New York City and the ‘Blockupy’ demonstrations in Frankfurt, the paper highlights how BCM is challenged by large-scale disasters as well as acts of public criticism.