Andrew Cardow

Tourism, indigenous peoples and endogeneity in the Chatham Islands

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to highlight indigenous and endogenous components of community capacity development through a focus on enterprise with renewed vigour and fervency attributable to local power elites and local collaboration and cooperation. Design/methodology/approach - The twenty-first century identifies good practices in many aspects of bottom-up planning and implementation in neoliberal political economies. New Zealand is for many reasons, due to scale, skills and education, an example of endogenous development that is used globally for best practice studies. This paper specifically identifies and explores the local responses to the challenge of democracy and opportunities for diversification through tourism services provision on the Chatham Islands. Findings - The paper notes that community capacity and governance on the Chathams has been the subject of discussion in recent years and the focus has been directed to conflicts in governance and possibly inappropriate policy and practice coordination. Although the refocus on endogenous development, empowerment and devolution of responsibility has a long pedigree in the context of the neoliberal economy, insufficient attention has been paid to the skills, inclination, social and economic capital for indigenous enterprise, more so in an environment of isolation, relative deprivation and dependence. Originality/value - This paper highlights indigenous and endogenous components of community capacity development through a focus on enterprise with renewed vigour and fervency attributable to local power elites and local collaboration and cooperation. A useful model of indigenous tourism development and its endogenous antecedents is considered at the conclusion.

Using innovative pedagogies in the classroom: Re-storying Gothic tales as entrepreneur stories

It can be difficult to interest students in academic topics if they have no prior exposure to or experience of the subject. The authors introduce and discuss a pedagogic innovation designed to trigger interest in entrepreneurship and ‘enterprise culture’. They use fiction in the form of Gothic context and the vampire motif to move the student through Blooms cognitive levels of learning. The vampire is a mythic creature spawned from the deepest recesses of folkloric imagination. The entrepreneur might be seen in a similar light. The authors therefore explore these ‘Byronic heroes’ and vampirism as heuristic devices to help re-story and better understand entrepreneurial processes and narratives. They demonstrate that there are elements of enterprise discourse in contemporary narratives and images of vampires. The analysis is based on observations of the late 1990s early 2000s teenage television serial ‘Buffy the Vampire Slayer’, which retains its popular and academic cult status. Through the identification of the familiar (vampires and Buffy) as examples of the entrepreneurial construct, the unfamiliar (the construct of entrepreneurship) is made more accessible because both students and faculty approach it from a shared understanding rather than from a position of inequality. Themes of morphology and transformation emerge, but the papers main contribution lies in its account of a novel way of teaching entrepreneurship to a new generation of students. It offers insights into making entrepreneurship more interesting for students and so into developing an entrepreneurial mindset. At the same time, the process allows for discussion of how the student has become aware of the concepts of entrepreneurship, thus facilitating knowledge in a non-threatening way.

The Pilbara: from the deserts profits come

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the majority of Australians live within the greater, Melbourne, Sydney, Perth and Brisbane city boundaries (A.B.S 2017). All are port cities within...

Grounded Theory in Practice: Novice Researchers’ Choice Between Straussian and Glaserian

Novice researchers face challenges in applying grounded theory and choosing between its two historical approaches—Glaserian and Straussian. Although much has been discussed regarding the differences between the Glaserian and Straussian approaches, these differences can confuse early researchers, leading to the flawed use of grounded theory in management and organizational research. Using three case studies (a PhD graduate, a PhD candidate, and a PhD supervisor) in a management and organizational research context, this article illustrates these key differences and provides guidance for researchers in choosing between them. By providing examples and commentary, this article aims to help researchers to choose and apply the most appropriate form of grounded theory within the field of management and organizational research.

The establishment of savings banks in colonial New Zealand 1840-1907

Purpose This paper aims to highlight the reasons for the establishment of savings banks in New Zealand, with a primary thesis being that savings banks in New Zealand were intended to operate in a similar way to those in the UK. That is, to provide banking services to the working classes and supply revenue to a cash-strapped government. Savings banks were reasonably successful in meeting the needs of their depositors but provided little revenue to the government. This gives rise to a secondary thesis that, when the Government was presented with the opportunity to establish the Post Office Savings Bank (POSB), they did so with revenue in mind. Design/methodology/approach Contemporaneous scholarly discussion along with newspaper, primary sourced bank and government archives builds an interpretation of why savings banks were established in New Zealand. This interpretation is presented in the form of a narrative, which tells the story of the rise of private savings banks in New Zealand and their eventual stagnation when the POSB was introduced. Findings Savings banks in New Zealand were initiated by Governor Grey primarily to provide an alternative source of development funding. New Zealand savings banks, initially modelled on UK and New South Wales variants, also appear to have been designed to meet the needs of the working classes, with deposits limited to £50 a year and a maximum balance set of £100 in total. However, as the requirement to invest in Government debt was removed from their founding legislation, they mainly provided mortgages to their local communities. To some extent, this situation was remedied in 1867 when the POSB was established, as it was required to invest as directed by the Government. Originality/value The narrative highlights the importance of savings banks and the POSB to both the people and government of New Zealand. This research adds to the discussion surrounding the purpose of savings banks and details the contributions made by both savings banks and the POSB in colonial New Zealand. As previous publications were in the main commissioned by various savings banks, this work provides an independent academic analysis of the first savings banks in colonial New Zealand in the period from the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 until New Zealand became a dominion in 1907.

Shattered Dreams: House Prices and New Zealand Monetary Policy

New Zealanders once aspired to home ownership, for many that dream has now been shattered. This paper examines house price inflation in New Zealand, comparing the relationship between the Official Cash Rate and bank mortgage interest rates. We examine the degree of pass through, from the OCR to retail mortgage rates, in the period July 2001 until November 2012. A period of interest not only because of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, but also pre-crisis the RBNZ was increasing the OCR to dampen a booming economy while post crisis they dramatically slashed the OCR in response to global economic outlook. We find there is little pass through from the OCR to retail mortgage rates, and it has limited effect on house price inflation and house affordability. We conclude the RBNZ does not have tools to deal with housing affordability and it may be better for it to be left to the market to self-correct.

The Metaphorical Rise of Entrepreneurship

The words that have come to be associated with innovative and creative business enterprises – entrepreneur, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial – have their English origins in the realm of armed conflict. However over time the terms were colonised by the commercial world with the result that by the end of the 20th century the terms have become firmly embed within the language of commerce. Yet along the way the meaning attached to the terms have become disassociated with commerce. By the start of the 21st Century the term entrepreneurial has become a metaphor, a stand in for innovation, creativity, proactivity and risk. It is argued that such a metaphor is not owned by the commercial world and instead is a figure of speech that can be used in any situation where the speaker requires a conceptual word to mean innovation, risk, proactivity and creativity.