Andrew E. Chubykalo

Experimental test on the applicability of the standard retardation condition to bound magnetic fields

Modern view on the fundamental structure of the whole EM field implies the existence of two components essentially different by nature. We found that it has some historical explanation. Experimental data do not support the validity of the standard retardation constraint (ν = c) generally accepted in respect to bound fields. Besides, non‐local characteristics of classical bound fields may shed a promising new light on a close relationship between quantum mechanics and classical EM theory.

Helmholtz Theorem and the V-Gauge in the Problem of Superluminal and Instantaneous Signals in Classical Electrodynamics

In this work we substantiate the applying of the Helmholtz vector decomposition theorem (H-theorem) to vector fields in classical electrodynamics. Using the H-theorem, within the framework of the two-parameter Lorentz-like gauge (so called v-gauge), we show that two kinds of magnetic vector potentials exist: one of them (solenoidal) can act exclusively with the velocity of light c and the other one (irrotational) with an arbitrary finite velocity v (including a velocity more than c). We show also that the irrotational component of the electric field has a physical meaning and can propagate exclusively instantaneously.

NECESSITY OF SIMULTANEOUS CO-EXISTENCE OF INSTANTANEOUS AND RETARDED INTERACTIONS IN CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS

We considered the electromagnetic field of a charge moving with a constant acceleration along an axis. We found that this field obtained from the Liénard-Wiechert potentials does not satisfy Maxwell equations if one considers exclusively a retarded interaction (i.e. pure implicit dependence this field on time). We show that if and only if one takes into account both retarded interaction and direct interaction (so called “action-at-a-distance”) the field produced by an accelerated charge satisfies Maxwell equations. PACS numbers: 03.50.-z, 03.50.De Typeset using REVTEX

Experimental test of the compatibility of the definitions of the electromagnetic energy density and the Poynting vector

Abstract.It is shown that the generally accepted definition of the Poynting vector and the energy flux vector defined by means of the energy density of the electromagnetic field (Umov vector) lead to the prediction of the different results touching electromagnetic energy flux. The experiment shows that within the framework of the mentioned generally accepted definitions the Poynting vector adequately describes the electromagnetic energy flux unlike the Umov vector. Therefore one can conclude that a generally accepted definitions of the electromagnetic energy density and the Poynting vector, in general, are not always compatible.

Is the free electromagnetic field a consequence of Maxwell´s equations or a postulate?

It is generally accepted that solutions of so called “free” Maxwell equations for ϱ = 0 (null charge density at every point of the whole space) describe a free electromagnetic field for which flux lines neither begin nor end in a charge). In order to avoid ambiguities and unacceptable approximation which have place in the conventional approach in respect to the free field concept, we explicitly consider three possible types of space regions: (i) “isolated charge-free” region, where a resultant electric field with the flux lines which either begin or end in a charge is zero in every point, for example, inside a hollow conductor of any shape or in a free-charge universe; (ii) “non-isolated charge-free” region, where this electric [see (i)] field is not zero in every point; and (iii) “charge-neutral” region, where point charges exist but their algebraic sum is zero. According to these definitions a strict mathematical interpretation of Maxwells equations gives following conclusions: (1) In “isolated charge-free” regions electric free field cannot be unconditionally understood neither as a direct consequence of Maxwells equations nor as a valid approximation: it may be introduced only as a postulate; nevertheless, this case is compatible is the existence of a time-independent background magnetic field. (2) In both “charge-neutral” and “non-isolated charge-free” regions, where the condition ϱ = δ function or ϱ = 0 respectively holds, Maxwells equation for the total electric field have non-zero solutions, as in the conventional approach. However, these solution cannot be strictly identified with the electric free field. This analysis gives rise to the reconsideration of the free-electromagnetic field concept and leads to the simplest implications in respect to charge-neutral universe.

Unusual formations of the free electromagnetic field in vacuum

It is shown that there are exact solutions of the free Maxwell equations (FME) in vacuum allowing the existence of stable spherical formations of the free magnetic field and ring-like formations of the free electric field. It is detected that the form of these spheres and rings does not change with time in vacuum. It is shown that these convergent solutions are the result of the interference of some divergent solutions of the FME. One can surmise that these electromagnetic formations correspond to Kapitsas hypothesis about interference origin and the structure of a fireball.

Self-dual electromagnetic fields

We demonstrate the utility of self-dual fields in electrodynamics. Stable configurations of free electromagnetic fields can be represented as superpositions of standing waves, each possessing zero Poynting vector and zero orbital angular momentum. The standing waves are themselves superpositions of self-dual and anti-self-dual solutions. The idea of self-duality provides additional insights into the geometrical and spectral properties of stable electromagnetic configurations, such as those responsible for the formation of ball lightning.

ON THE PHYSICAL ORIGIN OF THE OPPENHEIMER AHLUWALIA ZERO-ENERGY SOLUTIONS OF MAXWELL EQUATIONS

By virtue of the Chubykalo–Smirnov–Rueda generalized form of the Maxwell–Lorentz equation, a new form of the energy density of the electromagnetic field is obtained. This result allows us to explain a physical origin of the Oppenheimer–Ahluwalia zero-energy solutions of the Maxwell equations.

Reply to Comment on 'Electromagnetic potentials without gauge transformation'

This is a reply to the criticism from Engelhardt and Onoochin of our work (2011 Phys. Scr. 84 015009): a general argument for the possibility of different solutions in different gauges unrelated to gauge transformation; a result that has been given by Engelhardt and Onoochin using examples. For this reason we are not in any sense trying to refute the statements made by Engelhardt and Onoochin, instead we are offering a possible theoretical explanation of their results.

The inertial property of approximately inertial frames of reference

Is it possible to compare approximately inertial frames in the inertial property? If this is the case, the inertial property becomes a measurable quantity. We give a positive answer to this question, and discuss the general principle of design of devices for making the required measurements. This paper is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in high energy physics and relativity. Our aim is twofold: (i) to provide a deeper insight into the essentials of classical dynamics, and (ii) to give impetus to ingenious young people to devise new clever, useful and highly sensitive tools for measuring the inertial property following the pattern outlined in the present discussion.