Andrew F. Clark

Book Review: ‘Portuguese’ Style and Luso-African Identity: Precolonial Senegambia, Sixteenth-Nineteenth Centuries

its limitations that accompany his analysis of the 20 years of the SPLA insurgency. There is a chapter on the ‘Politics of Relief’ that is concerned with Operation Lifeline Sudan and the other humanitarian NGOs with whom the author has worked and read the massive reports, informed and uninformed, this industry had generated. He recognizes better than the NGOs the manner by which the Sudan government has manipulated them, but fails to adequately explain why individuals committed to saving lives will compromise their principles to achieve it. The final chapter is perhaps the most lugubrious. There are ideas for peace, which when examined hold out little more hope than those of the past. The prose is dense, the narrative often requires a tracker, but roots will remain a ready and welcome reference by anyone interested in the Sudan with its very useful cross-references, in a text organized like a government report. There is an excellent and discriminating bibliographical essay (pp. 181–94) and an appendix – ‘Chronology of Events’ – to follow the serpentine twists and turns of Sudanese affairs since 1972 that deserves more adequate maps than the two following the preface. The roots have grown into a most useful plant for those who seek the history of that crucial principle of self-determination for the south that the author believes has been circumvented ‘to a never-realized future’ (p. 180).

Invisible Sojourners: African Immigrant Diaspora in the United States

Preface Introduction: African Immigrants in the New Global Migration Causes of African Migration to the United States and the Dynamics of the Post Arrival Adjustment Process Portrait of the African Immigrants in the United States From the Horn of Africa to the Northern Plains of Minnesota: The Case of the African Refugees African Immigrant Social Networks, Race Relations, and Social Integration Family, Household Structure, Educational Attainment, and Business Formation The Lives of the Immigrant Women and Their Children Pathways to Naturalization, Repatriation, and Future Goals The Future of African Immigration to the United States Appendix Bibliography Index