Andrew Kirk

Human/Nature Biology, Culture, and Environmental History

This essay collection explores the concept of human nature and how it influences human perceptions of nature or the environment. Historians and other writers have tended to assume that all humans share specific basic responses to the natural environment. Over time, interpretations of human nature have ranged from rigid biological determinism to subtle and fluid evolutionary ecology. The authors open interpretive doors into how biology, sociobiology, gender, race, culture, society, and other variables shape human discourse on nature and the environment. These essays were first delivered at the New Mexico Environmental Symposium held at the University of New Mexico in April 1996. In addition to the volume editors, contributors are Dan Flores, Virginia Scharff, Vera Norwood, Max Oelschlaeger, William deBuys, and Paul Hirt. Carolyn Merchant and Timothy Moy have penned respectively the foreword and afterword.

When Nature Becomes Culture: The National Register and Yosemite's Camp 4, A Case Study

For environmental advocates cultural analysis of natural sites opens the door to a universe of historic preservation laws originally designed to protect cultural resources. These can be used, as in the case of Camp 4, to protect significant areas that fail to meet the standards required for preservation purely on the basis of natural qualities.