Andrew M.R. Bennett

Review and identification keys to the ichneumonid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Wasps of the family Ichneumonidae recorded as parasitoids of Choristoneura Lederer (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North America are summarized. A total of 113 species in 45 genera and 11 subfamilies have been reliably reared from 10 species of Nearctic Choristoneura. Twenty-one more species are listed as possible parasitoids of Nearctic Choristoneura, based on rearings from Palearctic Choristoneura species and (or) limited introductions to North America. Well-illustrated identification keys are provided to the subfamilies, all genera, and species of 39 of the genera. The species of Choristoneura used as hosts by the 113 ichneumonid species are tabulated, as well as the wasps geographic ranges. The biological characteristics of the ichneumonid subfamilies parasitizing Choristoneura spp. are described and compared. Erroneous Choristoneura host records and synonyms for all ichneumonid taxa previously recorded from Nearctic Choristoneura spp. are given. Phaeogenes gaspesianus Provancher is moved to Dirophanes Förster, forming D. gaspesianus (Provancher) comb. nov. New host records are Phaeogenes cacoeciae Viereck and Scambus hispae (Harris) on C. rosaceana (Harris), D. gaspesianus and Pimpla disparis Viereck on C. fumiferana (Clemens) (P. disparis having been introduced to New Brunswick to control the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.)), and Exochus turgidus Holmgren on C. occidentalis Freeman.

First record of Acaenitinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from South America with description of a new species and a key to the world species of Arotes Gravenhorst

Abstract A new species of Acaenitinae, Arotes ucumari Castillo & Sääksjärvi, sp. n., is described and illustrated representing the first record of the subfamily from South America. The new species was collected from a premontane tropical rain forest in the Peruvian Andes at 1500 m. A key to the world species of Arotes Gravenhorst,1829 is provided. The subspecies Arotes albicinctus moiwanus (Matsumura, 1912)is raised to species rank, Arotes moiwanus stat. n.

Revision of the world species of Zambion (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tryphoninae)

Abstract The world species of Zambion Kasparyan (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae) are revised including re-descriptions of Zambion monodon Kasparyan and Zambion hirtum Delobel. Five new species are described: Zambion kasparyani sp. n., Zambion rogeri sp. n., Zambion eileenae sp. n., Zambion wahli sp. n. andZambion broadi sp. n. A key to species is provided. The genus is endemic to Africa (Angola to Kenya) and is one of only three genera of the tribe Tryphonini recorded from the Afrotropical region.

A new species of Rhytimorpha Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Braconinae) from Israel

The distinctive braconine wasp genus Rhytimorpha Szépligeti is distributed through Africa and the Near East. We provide photographic illustrations of the type specimens of the two species of Rhytimorpha known up to the present, R. coccinea Szépligeti and R. nigriceps Szépligeti. Previous published records of R. coccinea from Israel by J. Papp are confirmed. A new species, R. pappi Quicke & Butcher sp. n. is described based on a female from Holot Agur, a semi-desert area in the Negev Dunes in northeastern Sinai Peninsula. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B5CDA65C-5341-4A61-9C85-2A7A70D7D4C1

Ichneumonid parasitoid wasps from the Early Eocene Green River Formation: five new species and a revision of the known fauna (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)

The parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae is one of the most species-rich groups of organisms, but its fossil record remains very poorly studied, which impedes inferences of the origin of its diversity. We here describe two new fossil genera and five new species of Ichneumonidae from the Eocene Green River Formation: Carinibus molestus gen. et sp. nov., Ichninsum appendicrassum gen. et sp. nov., Mesoclistus? yamataroti sp.xa0nov., Scambus? mandibularis sp. nov., and Scambus? parachuti sp.xa0nov. The newly described Mesoclistus? yamataroti represents the first record of the subfamily Acaenitinae from this fossil locality. In addition, we revise the ten previously described fossil ichneumonids from the Green River Formation, following a conservative approach when re-assessing their taxonomic positions: we keep the current placement of six revised fossils, but express the uncertainty in genus-assignment according to open nomenclature rules: Eclytus? lutatus Scudder, Glypta? transversalis Scudder, Pimpla? eocenica Cockerell, Phygadeuon? petrifactellus Cockerell, Plectiscidea? lanhami Cockerell and Rhyssa? juvenis Scudder. We exclude three fossil genera from their current subfamilies and place them within Ichneumonidae incertae subfamiliae: Eopimpla Cockerell, Lithotorus Scudder and Tilgidopsis Cockerell. Furthermore, we move Tryphon amasidis Cockerell and LeVeque to the new genus Trymectus gen. nov. In the light of these revisions, we discuss the importance of careful taxonomic placement of fossils and difficulties in ichneumonid palaeontology caused by host-related homoplasies and a lack of knowledge about the age of the recent subfamilies.KurzfassungDie parasitoide Wespenfamilie Ichneumonidae ist eine der artenreichsten Organismengruppen—ihr Fossilbericht ist jedoch kaum untersucht, was Rückschlüsse auf den Ursprung ihrer Diversität erschwert. Hier werden zwei neue fossile Gattungen und fünf neue Arten der Ichneumonidae aus der eozänen Green River-Formation beschrieben: Carinibus molestus gen. nov. et sp. nov., Ichninsum appendicrassum gen. nov. et sp. nov., Mesoclistus? yamataroti sp. nov., Scambus? mandibularis sp. nov. und Scambus? parachuti sp. nov. Die neu beschriebene Art Mesoclistus? yamataroti stellt den ersten Nachweis der Unterfamilie Acaenitinae aus dieser Fossilfundstelle dar. Zusätzlich revidieren wir die zehn bereits beschriebenen Ichneumoniden aus der Green River-Formation und unternehmen eine konservative Neubewertung ihrer taxonomischen Position: die gegenwärtige Anordnung sechs revidierter Fossilien wird beibehalten, die Unsicherheit in der Gattungszuordnung jedoch nach den Regeln der offenen Nomenklatur zum Ausdruck gebracht: Eclytus? lutatus Scudder, Glypta? transversalis Scudder, Pimpla? eocenica Cockerell, Phygadeuon? petrifactellus Cockerell, Plectiscidea? lanhami Cockerell und Rhyssa? juvenis Scudder. Drei fossile Gattungen werden aus den bisherigen Unterfamilien entnommen und nun innerhalb der Ichneumonidae incertae subfamiliae eingeordnet: Eopimpla Cockerell, Lithotorus Scudder und Tilgidopsis Cockerell. Ausserdem wird Tryphon amasidis Cockerell und LeVeque in die neue Gattung Trymectus gen. nov. gestellt. In Hinblick auf diese Revisionen werden die Bedeutung einer sorgfältigen taxonomischen Einordnung von Fossilien sowie die Schwierigkeiten innerhalb der Ichneumoniden-Paläontologie in Bezug auf wirtsbezogene Homoplasien sowie der fehlenden Kenntnis über das Alter ichneumonider Unterfamilien diskutiert.

Partial revision of the Indo-Australian braconine wasp genus Gammabracon Quicke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with descriptions of new species from Indonesia (Mollucas), Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand

ABSTRACT Ten distinctive new species of the taxonomically difficult braconine wasp genus Gammabracon Quicke, 1984 are described: G. apicoluteus sp. nov. from Malaysia (Negri); G. curticornis sp. nov. from Malaysia (Negri); G. philippinensis sp. nov. from the Philippines; G. siamensis sp. nov. from Thailand; G. striatus sp. nov. from West Malaysia; G. strandorum sp. nov. from Indonesia (Java), G. subvena sp. nov. from Malaysia (Negri and Sabah); G. townesorum sp. nov. from the Philippines; G. variipennis sp. nov. from Thailand; and G. wegeneri sp. nov. from Indonesia. Myosoma forticarinata Cameron, 1902 is transferred to Gammabracon, hence Gammabracon forticarinata comb. nov. A lectotype is designated for Gammabracon erythroura (Cameron). The status of Cratobracon strandiellus (Cameron) is discussed and a new combination proposed, Shelfordia strandiellus Cameron, 1910 comb. nov. (=Bracon strandiellus Cameron). Paucity of discrete morphological variation makes separation of most of the species with orange-red mesosoma, black metasoma and conspicuous back setae currently unrealistic and it may be that there is a single widespread and morphologically variable species. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:56B8884E-99C8-4B53-9747-D011F552312D

A systematic revision of the Japanese species of the genus Therion Curtis, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae)

The Japanese species of the genus Therion Curtis, 1829 (Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) were revised based on examination of 447 Japanese specimens. Four species are recognized based on morphology and sequence data (mtCOI). Two of them are identified as previously known species: T . circumflexum (Linnaeus, 1758) and T . giganteum (Gravenhorst, 1829). The other two species are described as new: T . carinatum Shimizu & Bennett, sp. nov. and T . nigrigasterum Shimizu, Bennett & Ito, sp. nov. In addition, T. rufomaculatum (Uchida, 1928) stat. rev. is once again synonymized with T. circumflexum . The Japanese species of Therion are easily distinguished from each other by a newly provided key. The lasiocampid moth, Dendrolimus spectabilis (Butler, 1877), is newly recorded as a host of T . giganteum .