Andrew R. Baggaley

Multivariate Analysis: An Introduction for Consumers of Behavioral Research.

A diagram is used to aid discussion of how several of the frequently used multivariate statistical techniques are interrelated. All of those discussed can be regarded as special cases of canonical correlation.

The Effect of Nonlinear Transformations on a Likert Scale.

The analysis of data collectedfrom behavioral assessment instruments is typically conducted using parametric statistics, with little or no reference given to the underlying nature of the scale being used. If the nature of the distances between the scale points is not understood, the concept of normality of the distribution becomes clouded. An empirical approach to studying thisproblem was developed, using responses to a clinical performance evaluation instrument that uses a four-point behaviorally-anchored scale. Various combinations of nonlinear transformations were applied to the evaluation responses. The factorial structure of the fifteen items constituting the evaluation form was minimally affected by the transformations, suggesting that parametric statistics can be applied to behaviorally-anchored rating scales.

Prediction of Performance in a Doctoral Education Program by the Graduate Record Examinations and Other Measures

Averaged rankings by faculty members on scholarship and professionalism were used as criterion variables for 61 doctoral recipients. A function of the age at entrance into the program was highly negatively related to both criteria. Undergraduate and graduate grade-point averages showed statistically significant validities of moderate magnitude. The scores from the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) Aptitude Test and Advanced Education Test gave somewhat lower correlations than did the grade-point averages. Use of the GRE for various purposes is discussed.

Academic prediction at an Ivy League college, moderated by demographic variables.

The purpose of this study was to learn whether differential validity would occur in an Ivy League college. The apparently high validity of secondary school marks and the SAT for predicting collegia...

The Milwaukee Academic Interest Inventory as Related to Holland's Personality Types

Scores from the Milwaukee Academic Interest Inventory were shown to effect a significant pattern of discrimination of examinees among Hollands six personality types, as specified by his Vocational Preference Inventory. Other evidence was provided that demonstrated the close relationships among personality, academic interests, and vocational choice as well as the construct validity of the two instruments.

A Symbolic System for Classifying Multivariate Procedures

Procedures are classified according to whether the dependent or independent variable sets consist of single or multiple variables, whether they are categorical or metric in nature, and whether or not they are statistically held constant.

WHAT DO EMPLOYERS WANT: FUNCTIONS, KNOWLEDGE AREAS, AND CHARACTERISTICS DESIRED OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

To determine what they prefer when they select a psychologist, we surveyed a sample of 105 administrators in the Philadelphia area. Most respondents held doctorates in clinical, counseling, or school psychology. Preferences for functions, areas of knowledge, and characteristics suggested discrepancies with APA standards for training. There was only moderate support for a scientific, quantitative orientation. Factor analyses identified six functions, six areas of knowledge, and two characteristics. Treated as composites, the intercorrelations suggested a further reduction into a practitioner-oriented and a scientist-oriented pattern. Over-all, respondents rated highest the personal characteristics of a practitioner (rather than scientist), knowledge of human development and of psychodiagnostics, and the appraisal function. When 10 selected agency characteristics were analyzed by composite scores, sponsorship of setting and typical age range of clientele accounted for the most differences. Implications for the professional identity of the major specializations, for education, and for practice were discussed.

AN INDEX OF ASSOCIATION FOR TWO-GROUP COVARIANCE PROBLEMS

The index is developed from quantities involved in partial correlation. It contains the difference between the criterion means, adjusted for the corresponding means on the covariable.

Congruent Validity of the Milwaukee Academic Interest Inventory

WHEN any new testing device is developed, a useful procedure for determining what it measures is to apply correlational techniques to its scores and those of other tests in the same area about which more is already known. This procedure has been called the establishment of congruent validity (Davis, 1964, p. 31). The Milwaukee Academic Interest Inventory (MAII) has been shown to discriminate among students majoring in various college curricula (Baggaley and Campbell, 1967). Purpose. The aim of the present study was to investigate the congruent validity of the MAII by factor analyzing its variables with those of the older and more established interest inventories.

Khatri's Growth Analysis Programmed for the SAS PROC MATRIX.

A computer program is described that tests for the slope, quadratic, and cubic coefficients of a growth function generated from repeated observations.