Andrew Rice

Experimentally determined kinetic isotope effects in the reaction of CH4 with Cl: Implications for atmospheric CH4

We report experimental values for the carbon and hydrogen kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in the reaction of CH4 with Cl at temperatures between 273 and 350 K. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was utilized to measure 13CH4/12CH4 and CH3D/CH4 ratios on samples taken from a 5870- L reaction chamber. At 299 K, kc12/kc13 = 1.0621±0.0001 (2σ) and kh/kd = 1.474±0.020 (2σ). For both KIEs, the ratio decreased with increasing temperature over the range studied. These results agree well with experimental studies using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and FTIR absorption spectroscopy and with a recent theoretically-calculated set of values.

The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor entering the stratosphere inferred from high‐precision measurements of δD‐CH4 and δD‐H2

The hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor entering the stratosphere provides an important constraint on the mechanisms for dehydration of air ascending through the tropical tropopause layer. We have inferred the annual mean hydrogen isotopic composition of water vapor entering the stratosphere (or δD-H_(2)O_0) for the mid to late 1990s based on high-precision measurements of the hydrogen isotopic compositions of stratospheric H_2 and CH_4 from whole air samples collected on the NASA ER-2 aircraft between 1996 and 2000 and remote observations of δD-H_2O from the FIRS-2 far infrared spectrometer. We calculate an annual mean value for δD-H_(2)O_0 of −653 (+24/−25)‰ relative to Vienna standard mean ocean water (VSMOW). Previous inferences from balloon-borne and spacecraft remote-sensing observations are ∼20‰ lighter than the value from this analysis. We attribute the difference to an underestimation of deuterium in the molecular H_2 reservoir in earlier work. This precise and more accurate value for the annual mean δD-H_(2)O_0 will be useful as a 1990s benchmark for detecting future changes in the details of the dehydration of air due to the impact of climate change on convection intensity, cloud microphysics, or tropical tropopause layer temperatures. In addition, we report a value for the total deuterium content in the three main stratospheric hydrogen reservoirs HDO, HD, and CH_(3)D of 1.60 (+0.02/−0.03) ppbv.