Andrew Sanchez

Questioning success: Dispossession and the criminal entrepreneur in urban India:

Conceptual divisions between the formal and informal sector are a marked feature of studies of Indian neoliberal dispossession, which juxtapose the experiences of an insecure informal workforce with their counterparts in an increasingly privileged and hegemonic formal sector. I suggest that dispossession be conceptually extended to areas of formal, urban India that experience economic liberalisation as a loss of job security and engage with the ideology of the enterprising individual in critical ways. Amid the casualisation of industrial labour and assumptions of endemic corruption, workers in one of India’s largest private corporations argue that the success of the neoliberal entrepreneur relies upon the use of criminality and corruption. In this environment, entrepreneurs are regarded in a politically critical manner, inviting a re-examination of the extent to which the ideology of the enterprising individual has been internalised in India’s urban centres.

Sons of soil, sons of steel : autochthony, descent and the class concept in industrial India

Inspired by E. P. Thompsons modelling of class as the contingent outcome of historical processes, this paper explores how autochthony and descent came to inform the boundaries of industrial workforces in the Indian steel towns of Jamshedpur and Rourkela. We suggest that if class is a historical object, then it relates to other forms of power and identity in ways that question the use of rigid analytic typologies. In the private sector Tata company town of Jamshedpur, an industrial working class was constructed during the late colonial period from labour migrants, whose employment became heritable within families. In the public sector Rourkela Steel Plant, founded in the mid-twentieth century, the politics of ethno regionalism coincided with state development policy to inform employment reservation for autochthons. Through a historical analysis of urbanization, migration and employment policy, we consider how elite workforces that bound themselves according to the principles of autochthony and descent were formed in the social laboratories of Indias steel towns. We suggest that such processes demand a class concept that engages more subtly with the work of E. P. Thompson.

Profane relations: the irony of offensive jokes in India

ABSTRACT On the shopfloor of an Indian automobile plant, a multi-ethnic workforce exchanges potentially offensive ethnic jokes with one another while remaining largely silent on actual incidences of communal violence. This paper shows how silence and profane humour are important aspects of an inter-ethnic sociality in the workplace, which distances itself from the retaliatory logics of communal violence. Speaking in the indirect register of irony, I argue that jokes about one anothers religion and ethnicity are a means by which cultural intimates articulate anti-communal perspectives on public life. I suggest that profanity is a style of interaction that relates to an anti-communal sociality which distances itself from the politics of sanctity.

The Indian Gift: A Critical Debate.

Introduction In 1986 Jonathan Parry’s ‘The Gift, the Indian Gift and the “Indian Gift”’ claimed to overturn conventional understandings of Marcel Mauss, by arguing that market societies most idealize the distinction between gifts and commodities, and gift giving need not entail reciprocity. Based on an analysis of Hindu religious gifts, Parry proposed a broad framework for understanding how ideologies of exchange function in different economic and cosmological contexts. Thirty years later, this symposium considers the intellectual milieu in which The Indian Gift was written, and interrogates whether or not the work remains relevant to contemporary research and analysis. The symposium opens with a short introduction that provides some background to Parry’s essay and incorporates material from a recent interview with him. This is followed by critical comments on it by five influential thinkers on gift exchange: James Carrier, Chris Gregory, James Laidlaw, Marilyn Strathern and Yunxiang Yan. It ends with a short ‘revisionist’ note by Parry in which he tries to identify some of the limits of the Maussian approach for contemporary anthropology.

Anthropological and Historical Perspectives on India's Working Classes

With reference to original ethnographic and historical research on India, the papers collected in this forum suggest conceptual refinements that might re-centre the study of class in regional scholarship. Through discussions of class politics in industrial, construction and agricultural contexts, the authors interrogate the conceptual oppositions between stably employed fordist labour forces and the ‘working poor’ that have often constrained ethnographic and historical analyses of Indias working classes. Inspired by Marxist historiography, this forum engages with the historically contingent emergence of Indian working classes through different types of labour, gender and ethnic struggles, and considers the complex political boundaries that are produced by such processes.