Andrine R. Swensen

Costs of attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the US: excess costs of persons with ADHD and their family members in 2000

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive estimate of the cost of ADHD by considering the healthcare and work loss costs of persons with ADHD, as well as those costs imposed on their family members. Methods: Excess per capita healthcare (medical and prescription drug) and work loss (disability and work absence) costs of treated ADHD patients (ages 7 years–44 years) and their family members (under 65 years of age) were calculated using administrative claims data from a single large company; work loss costs are from disability data or imputed for medically related work loss days. Excess costs are the additional costs of patients and their family members over and above those of comparable control individuals. The excess costs of untreated individuals with ADHD and their family members were also estimated. All per capita costs were extrapolated using published prevalence and treatment rates and population data; the prevalence of persons with ADHD was based upon the literature. Results: The total excess cost of ADHD in the US in 2000 was

Comorbidities and costs of adult patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

31.6 billion. Of this total,

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Increased Costs for Patients and Their Families

1.6 billion was for the ADHD treatment of patients,

The link between health-related quality of life and clinical symptoms among children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

12.1 billion was for all other healthcare costs of persons with ADHD,

Psychometric validation of the child health questionnaire (CHQ) in a sample of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

14.2 billion was for all other healthcare costs of family members of persons with ADHD, and

Nutritional Assessment of Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Special Supplemental Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

3.7 billion was for the work loss cost of adults with ADHD and adult family members of persons with ADHD. Conclusion: The annual cost of ADHD in the US is substantial. Both treated and untreated persons with ADHD, as well as their family members, impose considerable economic burdens on the healthcare system as a result of this condition. While these first estimates of the cost of ADHD to the nation are suggestive of its substantial economic burden, future research needs to refine and build on this analysis, particularly in the context of a model to control for related co-morbidities. Similarly, since these results are based on data from a single company for the period 1996–1998, the analysis should be validated with more representative, current data.

PMH16 PREVALENCE AND COSTS OF ACCIDENTS AMONG ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER PATIENTS

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the prevalence of comorbidities, resource use, direct medical costs, and the costs associated with missed work for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Study design: From a large claims database that captures inpatient, outpatient and prescription drug services, individuals diagnosed with ADHD between the years 1999 and 2001 were retrospectively identified. The ADHD cohort (n = 2252) were matched with a non-ADHD cohort (n = 2252) on a 1: 1 ratio, based upon age, gender, metropolitan statistical area and type of insurance coverage. The ADHD cohort was compared with the non-ADHD cohort for differences in comorbidities and direct medical costs (inpatient, outpatient and prescription drug costs) using year 2001 prices.Using data from six Fortune 200 employers, time missed from work and costs associated with absenteeism, short-term disability and worker’s compensation was examined for a subsample (n = 354) of the employees diagnosed with ADHD.Chi-square and t-statistics were used to compare the ADHD population with the control group with regards to comorbidites and service use. Analysis of covariance and multivariate regressions were used to examine differences in days missed from work, direct medical costs and costs associated with missed work. Results: Adults diagnosed with ADHD were significantly more likely to have a comorbid diagnosis of asthma (p = 0.0014), anxiety (p < 0.0001), bipolar disorder (p < 0.0001), depression (p < 0.0001), drug or alcohol abuse (p < 0.0001), antisocial disorder (p = 0.0081) or oppositional disorder (p = 0.0022) compared with the control group. Controlling for the impact of comorbidities, adults diagnosed with ADHD had significantly higher outpatient costs (

PMH9: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

US3009 vs

Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Children: A Review of Conceptual, Methodological, and Regulatory Issues

US1492; p < 0.0001), inpatient costs (

Incidence and costs of accidents among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients

US1259 vs