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Psychological Determinants of Using Facebook: A Research Review

In recent years, Facebook has become the most popular of social networking sites (SNSs). Due to its increasing popularity and rising number of its users, the phenomenon of Facebook has aroused academic interest as well. There has been a growing number of studies on this subject. The aim of this article is to present the main trends in Facebook research and to provide an overview of major empirical findings. Among the most intensively explored topics in Facebook research, studies that concentrate on personality and individual differences among users, the role of self-efficacy, and motivation for using that specific SNS were identified. There is also a growing trend in empirical studies that focuses on testing advanced theoretical models of Facebook usage determinants. Technology acceptance model, presented in this article, is one of the most often used among them. This kind of approach may serve as a suggestion for a methodological conceptualization in the future confirmatory research on Facebook.

Association between Facebook addiction, self-esteem and life satisfaction

In recent years, many research efforts have been focused on investigation of potential connection between social networking and mental health issues. Particularly important and controversial remains the association between Facebook use, self-esteem and life satisfaction. In our cross-sectional study, on a sample of 381 Facebook users, we tested the existence and strength of this relationship using Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), Facebook Intensity Scale (FBI), Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). With k-means cluster analysis, we divided the sample into 3 groups: ordinary, intensive, and addicted Facebook users. The results of our study show that ordinary Facebook users differ statistically in self-esteem and life satisfaction from both addicted and intensive users. Facebook addiction was in relation with lower self-esteem. Facebook addiction was also negatively related to life satisfaction. These results are in accordance with the previously published findings of other authors in the fields of social networking psychology and psychiatry. We investigated the relationship between Facebook use, self-esteem and life satisfaction.The study was done on a sample of 381 Facebook users.Facebook addiction was negatively related to satisfaction with life.The results are in accordance with the previously published findings.

Clinical approaches to treatment of Internet addiction.

BACKGROUND Internet appearance was one of the main breakthroughs for the mankind in the latest decades. It revolutionized our lives in many aspects and brought about many undeniably positive changes. However, at the same time caused negative consequences. It has led to the emergence of the Internet addiction (IA). The paper is concerned with the issue of treatment of IA. METHOD The paper reviews the current findings on the approaches to IA treatment and evaluates their effectiveness. The main focus of the article concentrates on cognitive and pharmacologic treatment. RESULTS The individual approach to IA treatment is advisable. Among drugs for the management of IA, antidepressants, antipsychotics, opioid receptor antagonists, glutamate receptor antagonists, and psychostimulants may be recommended. Some antiepileptics, and especially valproate, are considered as potential drugs for the treatment of IA. CONCLUSION Effective therapy may require an individual approach and best results are expected when psychological and pharmacological treatments are combined.

Time perception and time perspective differences between adolescents and adults

The present experiment aimed to investigate the differences in time perception and time perspective between subjects representing two developmental stages, namely adolescence and middle adulthood. Twenty Chinese adolescents aged 15-25 and twenty Chinese adults aged 35-55 participated in the study. A time discrimination task and a time reproduction task were implemented to measure the accuracy of their time perception. The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (Short-Form) was adopted to assess their time orientation. It was found that adolescents performed better than adults in both the time discrimination task and the time reproduction task. Adolescents were able to differentiate different time intervals with greater accuracy and reproduce the target duration more precisely. For the time reproduction task, it was also found that adults tended to overestimate the duration of the target stimuli while adolescents were more likely to underestimate it. As regards time perspective, adults were more future-oriented than adolescents, whereas adolescents were more present-oriented than adults. No significant relationship was found between time perspective and time perception.

Time perspective in Internet and Facebook addiction

Time perspective is a predictor of addictive behaviors. As the number of Internet and Facebook users is increasing, it is worth investigating the role of time perspective in maladaptive types of usage. In this study, we examined the potential relationship of time perspective with Internet addiction and Facebook intrusion. The participants were 756 Internet users with Facebook accounts. We used the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, the Facebook Intensity Scale, and the Internet Addiction Test. We analyzed similar associations between time perspective and the two types of addiction. Age and daily time spent online were predictors of Internet addiction, Facebook intensity, and Facebook intrusion. Past Negative and Present Fatalistic orientations were positive predictors for both types of addiction, whereas Future time perspective was a negative predictor. Present Hedonistic orientation was a negative predictor only of Internet addiction. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of health promotion interventions and workshops aimed at preventing maladaptive online behaviors. Past Negative and Present Fatalistic were positive predictors for both types of addiction and Facebook intensity.Future was a negative predictor of these two types of addictions.Present Hedonistic was a negative predictor only of Internet addiction.

Personality and positive orientation in Internet and Facebook addiction. An empirical report from Poland

Nowadays the Internet is used more and more. The use that becomes the most popular is social networking sites. The main aim of our two studies is to find an answer to the question of whether personality and positive orientation are linked to Internet and Facebook addiction. Two studies were conducted, verifying the effects of personality traits and positive orientation on these two kinds of addiction. Study 1 involved 631 participants and Study 2 involved 452. The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, the Short Personality Scale, and the Positive Orientation Scale were used. Our results indicate that lower positive orientation, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience are related to problematic use of both Internet and Facebook. What is more, extraversion and agreeableness are connected only with problematic Internet use. Personality, positive orientation and Internet and Fb addiction were included.1083 persons took part in the study.positive orientation is related to problematic use of both Internet and Facebook.extraversion and agreeableness are connected only with problematic Internet use.

The role of personality traits in Facebook and Internet addictions

Although the relationships between Facebook addiction, Internet addiction and personality have already been investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore whether there were personality traits associated with Facebook addiction and Internet addiction across three different cultures. The participants were 1011 Facebook users from Poland, Turkey, and Ukraine. We administered the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Ten Item Personality Inventory. We found that in the total sample Facebook addiction was positively associated with Internet addiction, while Internet addiction was negatively associated with emotional stability, conscientiousness, and extraversion. The lack of invariance across the countries indicates that the tested links are not the same in each of them, which may suggest the role of cultural factors in this phenomenon. The results are discussed in the light of Facebook addiction and personality literature. The application of culturally sensitive intervention programs in dealing with Facebook addiction is encouraged. Personality traits were associated with Facebook addiction across three different cultures.In the Polish sample: lower openness and emotional stability associate with higher Facebook addiction.In the Turkish sample: lower conscientiousness associate with higher Facebook addiction.In the Ukrainian: lower emotional stability and conscientiousness, being female associate with higher Facebook addiction.

Facebook use and chronotype: Results of a cross-sectional study

Facebook has become the most popular social networking site round the world. In seeking an explanation for this phenomenon, individual differences in circadian functioning seem to be an interesting issue. The main aim of this study was to examine the potential associations between morningness/eveningness and Facebook use (intrusion and intensity). The participants were 663 Facebook users. The Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, Facebook Intensity Scale and the Composite Scale of Morningness were used. Our results indicate that chronotype is negatively related with Facebook usage. Eveningness people use Facebook intensively and their Facebook use is more intrusive. Moreover, eveningness in combination with young age predicted Facebook intensity.

Who discloses the most on Facebook

With the development of new media, the issue of privacy and its determinants has become the subject of a large body of literature in recent years. The main objective of this study was to check whether loneliness is a predictor of putting private information on Facebook. The participants were 887 young people. Facebook Privacy Scale and Loneliness Scale were used. We showed that young age and loneliness are predictors of disclosure on Facebook. Moreover, junior high school students more often put private information on their Facebook profiles than senior high school and university students. Loneliness is a predictor of putting private information on Facebook.Young age is predictors of disclosure on Facebook.Internet mobile users often disclose private information on Facebook.

Dysfunction of Self-Regulation and Self-Control in Facebook Addiction

Nowadays, Facebook has become one of the most popular communication tools. With its increasing popularity, a new phenomenon connected with extensive use has appeared: namely, Facebook intrusion. The answer to the question of who is prone to become addicted still remains open. This study aimed to explore whether insufficient self-control and self-regulation resources in Facebook users are related to Facebook addiction. The participants in the study were 284 people. The Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire, the Brief Self-Control Scale, the Self-Regulation Scale, Action Control Scale, and the Multitasking Scale were used. We found that dysfunctional self-control system can be related to Facebook addiction. An insufficient self-control and low level of failure-related action orientation are those psychological characteristics that put Facebook users “at-risk” of Facebook addiction. The study reveals a picture showing that those Facebook users who are able to resist an impulse or temptation, are more self-disciplined, and do not focus on negative emotions are less likely to develop Facebook addiction. The obtained findings may serve as a basis for prevention programs for people at risk of Facebook addiction.