Aneta Wesolowska

Influence of Distillation Method on the Content and Composition of Essential Oil Isolated from Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.)

Abstract The aerial parts of Satureja hortensis L. were collected at flowering stage, dried naturally in a drying room and then submitted to distillation in order to obtain the essential oil. Three distillation methods were applied: hydrodistillation in Deryng-type apparatus, hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus and water-steam distillation. The isolated oils were analyzed by GC-MS. Carvacrol (62.91-72.19 %) and γ-terpinene (17.17-21.37 %) were the dominating components in the all analyzed oil samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that distillation method had no significant effect on the content of the main S. hortensis essential oil components. However, there were statistically significant differences found for interaction between the concentration of the main oil constituents and the method of distillation.

Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) with use of Deryng and Clevenger apparatus

Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2012-2013 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed that carvacrol (42.81-45.24%), γ-terpinene (7.68-9.04%), β-caryophyllene (5.28-9.10%), β-bisabolene (5.76-6.91%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.92-6.09%) were the major components of all the samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the main essential oil constituents of wild thyme. However, based on the means for both years of the study it was proved that hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus was more effective for carvacrol concentration, while in Clevenger apparatus - for y-terpinene and carvacrol methyl ether concentration. The type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the other essential oil constituents.

Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Isolated by Water-steam Distillation and Hydrodistillation from Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)

Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2010–2012, was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) by water-steam distillation and hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus. Analysis of the isolated oils by GC-MS revealed the presence of 35 different components represented mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (67.30–89.89%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (2.43–26.55%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (2.93–4.94%). Thymol (57.14–71.29%) and carvacrol (10.38–20.40%) were the main constituents identified in water-steam distilled oil, while thymol (41.34–52.23%), carvacrol (10.12–16.73%), p-cymene (9.10–12.12%) and γ-terpinene (6.12–10.20%) dominated in hydrodistilled oil. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the distillation method had a significant effect on the chemical composition of garden thyme essential oil. There was no significant effect of distillation method on essential oil content found.

Propagation Method and Distillation Apparatus Type Affect Essential Oil from Different Parts of Matricaria recutita L. Plants

Abstract The composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from flowers and leaves-stems of Matricaria recutita L. cultivated in north-western Poland has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A comparative study of oil composition from the flowers and leaves-stems showed that the oil from flowers contained higher amounts of α-bisabolol oxide B, α-bisabolol oxide A, α-bisabolone oxide A and chamazulene, whereas spathulenol, (E)-β-farnesene and cis-en-yn-dicycloether were present in large amounts in the leaves-stems oil. The method of propagation (conventional and in vitro) had a significant effect on the percentage content of the essential oils components of leaves-stems. Moreover, there was statistically significant interaction between the concentration of the main essential oil components and type of apparatus for its extraction, and between the concentration of the main essential oil components and the propagation method. The highest amounts of chamazulene (15.42%) and α-bisabolone oxide A (18.36%) were noted in the oil obtained in Clevenger type apparatus from flowers of plants derived from in vitro propagation. The oil obtained in Deryng type apparatus from flowers of plants cultivated conventionally contained the highest amounts of α-bisabolol oxide A (19.60%) and α-bisabolol oxide B (25.56%). Spathulenol (14.85%) was found in the highest concentration in the oil obtained in Deryng type apparatus from leaves-stems of chamomile propagated in vitro, whereas the highest concentration of (E)-β-farnesene (17.52%) was noted in the oil obtained in Deryng type apparatus from leaves-stems of chamomile cultivated conventionally.

Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Isolated from Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) with Blue, Pink and White Flowers

Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2015-2016 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) with blue, pink and white flowers by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed the presence of 74 components representing mainly oxygenated monoterpenes (38.48-54.04 %), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (19.22-28.31 %) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (12.90-21.08 %). The main components were isopinocamphone (20.05-43.02 %), pinocamphone (1.68-19.62 %), elemol (8.04-11.37 %) and β-pinene (4.53-7.49 %). Other constituents, identified in significant amounts, were: germacrene D (3.85-5.76 %), β-phellandrene (1.46-4.37 %), bicyclogermacrene (2.30-4.15 %) and β-caryophyllene (2.73-4.13 %). On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the highest content of isopinocamphone (43.02 and 33.33 % in 2015 and 2016, respectively) was noted in the essential oil isolated from hyssop with pink flowers. The color of the flowers had no significant effect on the amount of essential oil.

Composition of the Essential Oils from Inflorescences, Leaves and Stems of Ocimum basilicum ‘Cinnamon’ Cultivated in North-western Poland

Abstract The essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation of inflorescences, leaves and stems from Ocimum basilicum ‘Cinnamon’ (sweet basil ‘Cinnamon’) cultivated in north-western Poland were analyzed by GC-MS. Linalool was the major constituent in all three oils (36.67 %, 36.09 % and 33.89 %, respectively). Of the forty-two components detected in the inflorescence oil, comprising 98.58 % of the total, the major components were (E)-methyl cinnamate (29.82 %), germacrene D (3.03 %), (-)-β-cadinene (2.90 %) and methyl chavicol (2.88 %). Forty-three compounds, accounting for 98.57 % of the total oil were identified in the volatile oil of the leaves. The major components were (E)-methyl cinnamate (26.47 %), (Z)-methyl cinnamate (6.26 %) and methyl chavicol (4.10 %). With the stem oil, the main constituents were (E)-methyl cinnamate (8.94 %), (-)-β-cadinene (8.90 %) and γ-selinene (4.11 %).