Angela K. Lawson

Fertility preservation outcomes may differ by cancer diagnosis

CONTEXT: Cancer survival has improved significantly and maintaining fertility is both a major concern and an important factor for the quality of life in cancer patients. AIMS: To explore differences in oocyte stimulation for fertility preservation (FP) patients based on cancer diagnosis. SETTINGS AND DEIGN: Between 2005 and 2011, 109 patients elected to pursue FP at a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHOD: In vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome variables between four cancer diagnostic groups (breast, gynecologic, lymphoma/leukemia and other) and age-matched male factor or tubal factor infertility IVF control group were compared. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA and Chi-square analyses were employed to compare variables between the groups that were normally distributed. Kruskal–Wallis with subsequent Mann–Whitney U-test were used for data that were not normally distributed. RESULTS: Women with gynecologic malignancies were significantly older than the women in the other three groups, but tended to have a better ovarian response. Women with hematologic malignancies were most likely to have been exposed to chemotherapy and had the longest stimulations with a similar number of oocytes retrieved. The age-matched IVF controls had higher peak estradiol levels, number of oocytes obtained, and fertilization rates when compared to cancer patients with or without a history of prior chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Factors including age, type of cancer and chemotherapy exposure, can influence response to ovarian stimulation. Discussing these findings with patients presenting for FP may aid in setting realistic treatment expectations.

Beyond the physical: A qualitative assessment of the burden of symptomatic uterine fibroids on women's emotional and psychosocial health☆

OBJECTIVE To qualitatively assess the burden of uterine fibroids on womens emotional health. METHODS Sixty women (n = 60) with symptomatic uterine fibroids were recruited from an urban academic medical center and community-based organizations. Women completed qualitative, semi-structured interviews and demographic surveys. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using a grounded theory approach, three coders independently identified major themes and subthemes that emerged from the interviews. RESULTS The kappa among coders was 0.94. The mean age of participants was 43.0 ± 6.8. 61.7% of participants self-identified as African-American, 25.0% as Caucasian, 8.3% as Hispanic and 5.0% as Asian. Most participants exhibited a significant emotional response to their fibroids, including fear, anxiety, anger, and depression. Half of the women felt helpless and believed that they had no control over their fibroids. Many women possessed a negative self-image and cited concern over appearing less attractive, which led to difficulties becoming intimate. Several women felt that they lacked substantial support to help them deal with these issues. CONCLUSION In addition to the known high prevalence and severe physical impact of uterine fibroids, there is a significant psychological impact on women. Many women lack support to help them deal with these issues and very few seek help from a mental health professional. There is an opportunity and a need for the mental health community to address the concerns in this population, in order to improve psychological health and quality of life in patients living with this chronic condition.

Psychological Counseling of Female Fertility Preservation Patients

Young cancer patients are increasingly interested in preserving their fertility prior to undergoing gonadotoxic therapies. Although the medical safety and treatment protocols for fertility preservation have been well documented, limited research has addressed the emotional issues that arise in fertility preservation patients. We briefly review the literature on the psychosocial issues in adult female fertility preservation treatment and describe our experiences within this patient population. Our findings suggest that several important issues to be addressed during the psychological counseling of adult female fertility preservation patients include: (1) preexisting psychological distress in patients undergoing treatment, (2) choice of fertility preservation strategy in the face of an uncertain relationship future, (3) decision making regarding use of third-party reproduction (e.g., sperm/egg donation, gestational surrogacy), (4) treatment expectations regarding pregnancy and miscarriage, (5) ethical issues related to treatment including the creation, cryopreservation, and disposition of embryos/oocytes, and (6) decision regret from patients who declined fertility preservation.

Hearing the Silenced Voices of Underserved Women: The Role of Qualitative Research in Gynecologic and Reproductive Care

In order to provide effective evidence-based health care to women, rigorous research that examines womens lived experiences in their own voices is needed. However, clinical health research has often excluded the experiences of women and minority patient populations. Further, clinical research has often relied on quantitative research strategies; this provides an interesting but limited understanding of womens health experiences and hinders the provision of effective patient-centered care. This article defines qualitative research and its unique contributions to research, and provides examples of how qualitative research has given insights into the reproductive health perspectives and behaviors of underserved women.

Psychological Impact and Barriers to Fertility Preservation in Male Cancer Patients

Male cancer patients are increasingly interested in pursuing fertility preservation prior to undergoing gonadotoxic cancer treatments. However many patients do not receive appropriate fertility preservation counseling or referral for fertility preservation treatment. Both patient-specific and institutional barriers have been identified which limit patients’ ability to complete fertility preservation treatment. Many of the identified institutional barriers have the ability to result in disparate fertility preservation counseling. Patients who do not receive appropriate fertility preservation counseling are at risk of future regret, anger, sadness, and other negative psychological outcomes and potentially decreased chances of future genetic family building. For patients who do receive fertility preservation counseling, their current emotional status as well as that of their loved ones related to the patient’s cancer diagnosis may interfere with decision-making ability. Patients who accept or decline fertility preservation treatment may face additional psychological risks. Regardless, all cancer patients who will be exposed to gonadotoxic treatments should receive fertility preservation counseling and referral for additional counseling by a fertility specialist. The psychological complexity of fertility preservation in newly diagnosed cancer patients suggests that the inclusion of counseling from an appropriately trained mental health professional is also warranted.

The impact of fertility preservation on treatment delay and progression-free survival in women with lymphoma: a single-centre experience.

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Blurring the line between life and death: a review of the psychological and ethical concerns related to posthumous-assisted reproduction

Abstract Posthumous-assisted reproduction (PAR), though viewed unfavourably by some, is desirable to many individuals whose partners die prior to the completion of family building. PAR is technically feasible for males and females both pre- and post-mortem and these procedures have previously been completed on numerous occasions. However, such treatment is associated with three primary ethical concerns: autonomy; beneficence; and justice for the living, the deceased, and the soon-to-be conceived. Further, there are many psychological risks of PAR which may affect all involved parties. As such, early psychological counselling of patients and surviving family members is warranted.