Angela M. Rose

Incorporation of eicosapentaenioic and docosahexaenoic acids into breast adipose tissue of women at high risk of breast cancer: A randomized clinical trial of dietary fish and n-3 fatty acid capsules

SCOPE The fatty acid profile of dietary lipids is reflected in mammary adipose tissue and may influence mammary gland biology and cancer risk. To determine the effects of fish consumption on breast adipose tissue fatty acids, we conducted a study of fish versus n-3 PUFA supplements in women at increased risk of breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS High risk women were randomized to comparable doses of marine n-3 PUFAs as canned salmon + albacore or capsules for 3 months. Pre- and posttreatment fatty acid profiles were obtained by GC. Dietary fish (n = 12) and n-3 PUFA capsules (n = 13) yielded increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma (p < 0.0001), erythrocyte membranes (p < 0.0001), and breast fat (p < 0.01) at 3 months. Women taking capsules had higher plasma and erythrocyte membrane EPA changes (∼four versus twofold, p = 0.002), without significant differences in DHA. Increases in breast adipose EPA, DHA were similar for both groups. Higher BMI correlated with smaller changes in plasma, erythrocyte membrane EPA, and breast adipose EPA, DHA. Adherence was excellent at 93.9% overall and higher in the fish arm (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Fish provides an excellent source of n-3 PUFAs that increases breast adipose EPA, DHA similar to supplements and represents a well-tolerated intervention for future studies of the impact of n-3 PUFAs and dietary patterns on breast cancer.

Determining the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Nutrition Education and Cooking Program for Preschoolers and Their Families Delivered Over the Dinner Hour in a Low-Income Day Care Setting

Objective. To test the feasibility and acceptability of a nutrition education/cooking program aimed at teaching positive eating behaviors to parents and their preschool children. Methods. A monthly program was delivered over the dinner hour at a child care facility. Questionnaires were completed at baseline, midway, and study end (10 month). Outcomes were program feasibility (retention, attendance) and acceptability (satisfaction); child food preparation skills, dietary intake, and body mass index percentile; parent self-efficacy regarding healthy eating practices; and family meal frequency. Results. Eleven families were recruited, and 10 families completed (91% retention). On average, 74% attended the program. All reported high satisfaction. Certain child diet outcomes improved (increased fruits and vegetables; decreased sugar-sweetened beverages) (P < .05). No gain in child body mass index percentile was observed. Parent self-efficacy regarding healthy eating practices improved (planning and encouraging...

Milk Vending Does Not Improve College Students’ Milk and Calcium Intakes

In the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, overall diet quality decreases, including a reduction in both dairy and calcium consumption. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the impact of milk vending on milk and calcium intakes in college students. Participants were 124 college students living in dorms at a large public university (Fall 2012). Milk vending machines were installed in two campus dorms. Before and 2 months after installation, students were surveyed about milk and calcium intakes, as well as attitudes regarding milk vending. Sales data for the newly installed machines were also collected between the pre- and posttest surveys. Students reported similar milk and calcium consumption before and after the intervention. Mean calcium intakes were lower than the recommended dietary allowance for students in either life stage group (18 years old or 19 years and older). Milk vending sales data showed that during the study period, approximately nine bottles of milk were bought each day from the two dorms combined. Results from this study suggest that milk vending alone may not be an effective strategy for preventing the commonly observed decrease in milk and calcium intakes among college students.

Abstract B45: A pilot trial of dietary fish and ω-3 fatty acid supplements in women at high risk for breast cancer

Background: The type of fat consumed in the diet may influence mammary tissue biology and breast cancer risk, with preclinical evidence for inhibitory effects of n-3 versus n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on mammary carcinogenesis. Fish consumption and fish oil supplements are two strategies to increase dietary n-3 fatty acids. Objective: To determine the effects of increased fish consumption on breast adipose tissue fatty acids, we conducted a study of dietary fish versus an n-3 fatty acid supplement in women at increased risk for developing breast cancer. Design: In this three month randomized study, women at high risk for breast cancer received either (a) dietary fish in the form of canned salmon and albacore tuna at a dose of four 6 ounce servings/week or (b) two n-3 fatty acid capsules (1.68 g EPA+DHA)/day for three months. Subjects underwent fasting blood draws monthly and breast adipose tissue samples at baseline and three months for fatty acid profiling by gas chromatography. Results: Both study interventions of dietary fish and n-3 PUFA capsule yielded increased EPA and DHA content in plasma (p Conclusions: Dietary fish and n-3 PUFA capsules significantly increase breast adipose tissue EPA and DHA content and represent two well tolerated strategies for future clinical trials of dietary n-3 PUFAs for breast cancer prevention. Citation Format: Shana Straka, Joanne L. Lester, Sarah Puchala, Angela Rose, Rachel Cole, Rebecca R. Andridge, Steven K. Clinton, Martha A. Belury, Lisa D. Yee. A pilot trial of dietary fish and ω-3 fatty acid supplements in women at high risk for breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr B45.